{"id":7841,"date":"2026-09-27T08:28:44","date_gmt":"2026-09-27T08:28:44","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/chinametalfoundry.com\/?p=7841"},"modified":"2026-09-27T08:28:44","modified_gmt":"2026-09-27T08:28:44","slug":"lost-foam-casting","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/chinametalfoundry.com\/pt\/blog\/lost-foam-casting\/","title":{"rendered":"Fundi\u00e7\u00e3o por espuma perdida: margens de varia\u00e7\u00e3o do processo, custos e em que casos \u00e9 superior \u00e0 fundi\u00e7\u00e3o em areia"},"content":{"rendered":"<article class=\"sc-article\" style=\"max-width: 820px; margin: 0 auto; font-family: 'Poppins',sans-serif; color: #7e7e7e; font-size: 16px; line-height: 1.7;\">\n<div class=\"sc-intro\" style=\"background: #F5F5F5; border-radius: 20px; padding: 22px 24px; font-style: italic; color: #3a3a3a; margin: 0 0 26px; line-height: 1.6;\">\n<p style=\"margin: 0;\">Lost foam casting removes two things that inflate the price of a complex part: cores and parting-line flash. It also introduces a set of defects your green-sand supplier probably has never had to name out loud. This article gives you the numbers to decide anyway \u2014 cluster density, coating thickness, the fill-time window, the tooling delta, and the volume at which the process starts paying for itself.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p style=\"margin: 0 0 18px;\">This is written for people specifying parts, not for pattern makers. Every figure below is a usable shop window rather than a laboratory result: pattern density in grams per litre, coating thickness in millimetres, fill time in seconds, cost in US dollars. Process terminology follows practice published by the <a style=\"color: #086ad4; text-decoration: none;\" href=\"https:\/\/www.afsinc.org\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">American Foundry Society<\/a>; alloy data follows registrations maintained by the <a style=\"color: #086ad4; text-decoration: none;\" href=\"https:\/\/www.aluminum.org\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Aluminum Association<\/a>. Before you compare quotes it helps to see where lost foam casting sits among the other routes \u2014 start with our <a style=\"color: #086ad4; text-decoration: none;\" href=\"https:\/\/chinametalfoundry.com\/pt\/blog\/guia-de-fundicao-de-metais\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">guia de fundi\u00e7\u00e3o de metais<\/a>, then come back for the numbers.<\/p>\n<figure style=\"margin: 24px 0;\"><img decoding=\"async\" style=\"width: 100%; display: block; border-radius: 4px;\" src=\"https:\/\/chinametalfoundry.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/p217-lost-foam-1.webp\" alt=\"lost foam casting comparison of a white EPS foam pattern and the finished aluminium casting beside it\" \/><figcaption style=\"font-size: 13px; color: #7e7e7e; text-align: center; margin-top: 8px;\">A foam cluster is a one-shot replica of the finished part \u2014 including the internal passages you currently pay for in cores.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<h2 style=\"font-family: 'Poppins',sans-serif; color: #273171; font-size: 25px; font-weight: 600; line-height: 1.3; margin: 34px 0 14px; padding: 4px 0 4px 30px; background: linear-gradient(to right, #ff512f 0px, #dd2476 5px, transparent 5px);\">How Lost Foam Casting Works, Step by Step<\/h2>\n<p style=\"margin: 0 0 18px;\">The physics behind lost foam casting is simple: you bury an expanded polystyrene replica of the part in dry, unbonded sand, pour metal onto it, and the metal replaces the foam as it vaporises. What changes commercially is everything that disappears from your drawing \u2014 core prints, core boxes, parting-line flash, and most of the draft you were carrying to get the pattern out of the sand.<\/p>\n<ul style=\"margin: 0 0 18px; padding-left: 22px;\">\n<li style=\"margin: 0 0 8px;\"><strong style=\"color: #273171;\">Expand and age the pattern.<\/strong> EPS beads are steam-blown into an aluminium tool to roughly <strong style=\"color: #273171;\">16\u201324 g\/L<\/strong>, then aged so the beads finish expanding and stabilise. Section the part across as many pieces as you like and glue them into one cluster. Tooling for this cluster is the single biggest entry cost \u2014 see our breakdown of <a style=\"color: #086ad4; text-decoration: none;\" href=\"https:\/\/chinametalfoundry.com\/pt\/casting-molds-making\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">casting pattern and mould tooling<\/a>.<\/li>\n<li style=\"margin: 0 0 8px;\"><strong style=\"color: #273171;\">Glue on the running system.<\/strong> Sprue, runner and gates are foam too, hot-glued to the cluster. The flow logic is the same as any other casting process \u2014 choke sizing, <a style=\"color: #086ad4; text-decoration: none;\" href=\"https:\/\/chinametalfoundry.com\/pt\/blog\/casting-riser-design\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">riser and feeding rules<\/a> still apply \u2014 but the whole network is consumed every shot.<\/li>\n<li style=\"margin: 0 0 8px;\"><strong style=\"color: #273171;\">Coat and dry.<\/strong> One or two dips in water-based refractory coating give a total dry film of about <strong style=\"color: #273171;\">0.3\u20130.8 mm<\/strong>. This layer does two opposite jobs: it lets pyrolysis gas escape, and it stops the sand collapsing into the metal. Most process trouble starts here.<\/li>\n<li style=\"margin: 0 0 8px;\"><strong style=\"color: #273171;\">Compact in dry sand.<\/strong> Clean silica sand, typically AFS grain fineness 40\u201370, with no binder and no water, vibrated to a stable bulk density near <strong style=\"color: #273171;\">1.5 g\/cm\u00b3<\/strong>. No water means no moisture defects; no binder means the sand is screened and reused almost indefinitely.<\/li>\n<li style=\"margin: 0 0 8px;\"><strong style=\"color: #273171;\">Pour hotter than you think.<\/strong> The metal front spends its own heat decomposing foam, so aluminium that goes into green sand at 710\u2013750 \u00b0C is commonly poured at <strong style=\"color: #273171;\">760\u2013790 \u00b0C<\/strong> here.<\/li>\n<li style=\"margin: 0 0 8px;\"><strong style=\"color: #273171;\">Shake out and finish.<\/strong> The sand simply falls away, there are no cores to knock out and no parting-line flash to grind. This is where most of the per-piece saving actually lands.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3 style=\"font-family: 'Poppins',sans-serif; color: #273171; font-size: 20px; font-weight: 600; line-height: 1.4; margin: 26px 0 8px; text-transform: capitalize;\">The number that explains every rule below<\/h3>\n<hr style=\"width: 100px; height: 4px; background: #EF890D; border: none; border-radius: 2px; margin: 0 0 14px; line-height: 0; opacity: 1;\" \/>\n<p style=\"margin: 0 0 18px;\">Take a realistic example: an <a style=\"color: #086ad4; text-decoration: none;\" href=\"https:\/\/chinametalfoundry.com\/pt\/blog\/ligas-de-aluminio-para-fundicao-a356-vs-a380\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">A356-T6<\/a> aluminium valve body with a finished casting mass of 6.5 kg. Casting volume is 6.5 \u00f7 2 700 kg\/m\u00b3 \u2248 2.4 L; with the running system the cluster displaces about <strong style=\"color: #273171;\">2.9 L of foam<\/strong>, which at 20 g\/L weighs only <strong style=\"color: #273171;\">58 g<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin: 0 0 18px;\">Those 58 grams are 0.9% of the metal mass \u2014 yet if the pyrolysis products behave roughly like styrene monomer (molar mass 104 g\/mol), that is 58 \u00f7 104 \u2248 0.56 mol of gas, which occupies about 13.6 L at room temperature and about <strong style=\"color: #273171;\">46 L at 1000 K<\/strong>. Spread over a 12-second fill through roughly 0.28 m\u00b2 of coated surface, that is a mean superficial gas velocity of about <strong style=\"color: #273171;\">1.4 cm per second<\/strong> that the coating has to vent, every single shot, without letting the sand move.<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin: 0 0 18px;\">Everything you specify about lost foam casting follows from that number. The coating must be permeable enough to pass that gas; the sand must be dense enough not to move while it happens; the metal must arrive hot enough to keep advancing while losing heat to the reaction. Lower pattern density, a thinner coat, a coarser flux target, and vacuum assist are all just ways of managing those 46 litres.<\/p>\n<figure style=\"margin: 24px 0;\"><img decoding=\"async\" style=\"width: 100%; display: block; border-radius: 4px;\" src=\"https:\/\/chinametalfoundry.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/p217-lost-foam-2.webp\" alt=\"lost foam casting pour of molten aluminium into a coated foam cluster buried in dry unbonded sand\" \/><figcaption style=\"font-size: 13px; color: #7e7e7e; text-align: center; margin-top: 8px;\">Dry unbonded sand carries no binder and no water \u2014 the coating is the only thing holding the cavity shape.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<h2 style=\"font-family: 'Poppins',sans-serif; color: #273171; font-size: 25px; font-weight: 600; line-height: 1.3; margin: 34px 0 14px; padding: 4px 0 4px 30px; background: linear-gradient(to right, #ff512f 0px, #dd2476 5px, transparent 5px);\">Process Windows That Control Lost Foam Casting Quality<\/h2>\n<p style=\"margin: 0 0 18px;\">These are the parameters buyers should see on a lost foam casting supplier&#8217;s process sheet before approving first article. Ask for the numbers in writing; if a shop cannot produce this table, expect dimensional drift between batches.<\/p>\n<table style=\"width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; margin: 18px 0 24px; font-size: 15px; color: #333333;\">\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th style=\"background: #273171; color: #ffffff; padding: 12px 14px; text-align: left; font-weight: 600; border: 1px solid #273171;\">Par\u00e2metro<\/th>\n<th style=\"background: #273171; color: #ffffff; padding: 12px 14px; text-align: left; font-weight: 600; border: 1px solid #273171;\">Typical shop window<\/th>\n<th style=\"background: #273171; color: #ffffff; padding: 12px 14px; text-align: left; font-weight: 600; border: 1px solid #273171;\">What happens outside it<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #E5E5E5; padding: 10px 14px;\">Expanded cluster density<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #E5E5E5; padding: 10px 14px;\">16\u201324 g\/L<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #E5E5E5; padding: 10px 14px;\">Too dense: more gas and residue, fold defects. Too light: soft pattern, bead print-through, handling damage.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"background: #F5F5F5;\">\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #E5E5E5; padding: 10px 14px;\">Coating dry film<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #E5E5E5; padding: 10px 14px;\">0.3\u20130.8 mm, 1\u20132 dips<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #E5E5E5; padding: 10px 14px;\">Too thin: sand fusion and metal penetration. Too thick: gas cannot vent, folds and carbon films.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #E5E5E5; padding: 10px 14px;\">Coating gas flux capacity<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #E5E5E5; padding: 10px 14px;\">\u22481\u20132 cm\/s superficial<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #E5E5E5; padding: 10px 14px;\">Too tight: folds, pyrolysis residue. Too open: rough surface replica and burn-on.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"background: #F5F5F5;\">\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #E5E5E5; padding: 10px 14px;\">Sand grain fineness<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #E5E5E5; padding: 10px 14px;\">AFS 40\u201370, dry unbonded<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #E5E5E5; padding: 10px 14px;\">Too coarse: metal penetration. Too fine: the bed itself blocks venting.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #E5E5E5; padding: 10px 14px;\">Compaction density<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #E5E5E5; padding: 10px 14px;\">\u22481.5 g\/cm\u00b3 before pour<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #E5E5E5; padding: 10px 14px;\">Soft pockets: dimensional loss and sand ingress during fill.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"background: #F5F5F5;\">\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #E5E5E5; padding: 10px 14px;\">Pouring temperature, A356<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #E5E5E5; padding: 10px 14px;\">760\u2013790 \u00b0C (710\u2013750 \u00b0C green sand)<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #E5E5E5; padding: 10px 14px;\">Too cool: folds and misruns in ribs. Too hot: penetration and coarse grain.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #E5E5E5; padding: 10px 14px;\">Fill time, mid-size cluster<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #E5E5E5; padding: 10px 14px;\">8\u201320 s<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #E5E5E5; padding: 10px 14px;\">Too slow: lapped, oxidised fronts. Too fast: coating cracks and sand is aspirated in.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"background: #F5F5F5;\">\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #E5E5E5; padding: 10px 14px;\">Vacuum assist<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #E5E5E5; padding: 10px 14px;\">0.3\u20130.6 bar below atmosphere<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #E5E5E5; padding: 10px 14px;\">Too low: unpredictable front. Too aggressive: metal outruns the front and traps coating fragments.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #E5E5E5; padding: 10px 14px;\">Practical minimum wall<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #E5E5E5; padding: 10px 14px;\">\u22484 mm aluminium, \u22485 mm grey iron<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #E5E5E5; padding: 10px 14px;\">Below that: freeze-off and misrun unless the front is locally fed.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p style=\"margin: 0 0 18px;\">Two items deserve a caveat. First, the slower cooling of a dry silica flask produces a coarser secondary dendrite arm spacing than a permanent mould does, so T6 response is not automatically the same as for the same alloy cast elsewhere \u2014 plan your <a style=\"color: #086ad4; text-decoration: none;\" href=\"https:\/\/chinametalfoundry.com\/pt\/blog\/tratamento-termico-de-pecas-fundidas\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">tratamento t\u00e9rmico de pe\u00e7as fundidas<\/a> cycle against the actual section, not the datasheet. Second, because there is no core box and no parting line, most of the dimensional scatter you are used to paying for simply disappears; the remaining tolerance sensitivity sits in pattern consistency and coating thickness, which our <a style=\"color: #086ad4; text-decoration: none;\" href=\"https:\/\/chinametalfoundry.com\/pt\/blog\/guia-de-tolerancias-de-fundicao\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">ISO 8062 tolerance guide<\/a> covers in detail.<\/p>\n<h2 style=\"font-family: 'Poppins',sans-serif; color: #273171; font-size: 25px; font-weight: 600; line-height: 1.3; margin: 34px 0 14px; padding: 4px 0 4px 30px; background: linear-gradient(to right, #ff512f 0px, #dd2476 5px, transparent 5px);\">Lost Foam Casting vs Green Sand vs Investment Casting<\/h2>\n<p style=\"margin: 0 0 18px;\">Pick the process from geometry and volume first, then from price. The comparison below assumes a 0.5\u201310 kg part with internal galleries \u2014 the class where this decision actually gets made \u2014 read it as a decision filter, not a ranking.<\/p>\n<table style=\"width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; margin: 18px 0 24px; font-size: 15px; color: #333333;\">\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th style=\"background: #273171; color: #ffffff; padding: 12px 14px; text-align: left; font-weight: 600; border: 1px solid #273171;\">Fator<\/th>\n<th style=\"background: #273171; color: #ffffff; padding: 12px 14px; text-align: left; font-weight: 600; border: 1px solid #273171;\">Lost foam casting<\/th>\n<th style=\"background: #273171; color: #ffffff; padding: 12px 14px; text-align: left; font-weight: 600; border: 1px solid #273171;\">Green sand casting<\/th>\n<th style=\"background: #273171; color: #ffffff; padding: 12px 14px; text-align: left; font-weight: 600; border: 1px solid #273171;\">Fundi\u00e7\u00e3o por cera perdida<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #E5E5E5; padding: 10px 14px;\">Tooling to first article<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #E5E5E5; padding: 10px 14px;\">$8,000\u2013$30,000 cluster tool + glue fixture, 6\u201310 weeks<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #E5E5E5; padding: 10px 14px;\">$2,000\u2013$8,000 pattern + core boxes, 3\u20135 weeks<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #E5E5E5; padding: 10px 14px;\">$6,000\u2013$25,000 die + wax and shell line, 8\u201312 weeks<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"background: #F5F5F5;\">\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #E5E5E5; padding: 10px 14px;\">Consumed per piece<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #E5E5E5; padding: 10px 14px;\">Foam cluster $3\u2013$8 (bead, glue, coat, dry)<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #E5E5E5; padding: 10px 14px;\">Cores $2\u2013$8 when required<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #E5E5E5; padding: 10px 14px;\">Wax pattern + shell per piece<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #E5E5E5; padding: 10px 14px;\">Cores for internal galleries<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #E5E5E5; padding: 10px 14px;\">None \u2014 the cluster forms them<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #E5E5E5; padding: 10px 14px;\">Required, with core prints and core shift<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #E5E5E5; padding: 10px 14px;\">Usually none with soluble or ceramic cores<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"background: #F5F5F5;\">\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #E5E5E5; padding: 10px 14px;\">Draft<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #E5E5E5; padding: 10px 14px;\">0.5\u20131\u00b0, only to eject the cluster from its tool<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #E5E5E5; padding: 10px 14px;\">2\u20133\u00b0 to draw the pattern from sand<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #E5E5E5; padding: 10px 14px;\">Little to none<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #E5E5E5; padding: 10px 14px;\">Parting-line flash<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #E5E5E5; padding: 10px 14px;\">None<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #E5E5E5; padding: 10px 14px;\">Always, and it drives cleaning cost<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #E5E5E5; padding: 10px 14px;\">Minimal<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"background: #F5F5F5;\">\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #E5E5E5; padding: 10px 14px;\">Typical tolerance behaviour<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #E5E5E5; padding: 10px 14px;\">Usually one ISO 8062 grade tighter than green sand for the same part<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #E5E5E5; padding: 10px 14px;\">Baseline<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #E5E5E5; padding: 10px 14px;\">Best of the three<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #E5E5E5; padding: 10px 14px;\">As-cast surface, Ra<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #E5E5E5; padding: 10px 14px;\">\u22486.3\u201312.5 \u00b5m<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #E5E5E5; padding: 10px 14px;\">\u224812.5\u201325 \u00b5m<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #E5E5E5; padding: 10px 14px;\">\u22483.2\u20136.3 \u00b5m<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"background: #F5F5F5;\">\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #E5E5E5; padding: 10px 14px;\">Practical minimum wall<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #E5E5E5; padding: 10px 14px;\">\u22484 mm aluminium<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #E5E5E5; padding: 10px 14px;\">3\u20134 mm, section-dependent<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #E5E5E5; padding: 10px 14px;\">1.5\u20132 mm<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #E5E5E5; padding: 10px 14px;\">Volume it suits best<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #E5E5E5; padding: 10px 14px;\">Roughly 1,000\u201330,000 per year<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #E5E5E5; padding: 10px 14px;\">1 to tens of thousands<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #E5E5E5; padding: 10px 14px;\">Any volume, high piece cost<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p style=\"margin: 0 0 18px;\">A note on the two processes on either side of this table. Below about 1,000 pieces the foam tooling rarely pays back and green sand stays cheaper, which is why most low-volume complex parts we quote go through conventional <a style=\"color: #086ad4; text-decoration: none;\" href=\"https:\/\/chinametalfoundry.com\/pt\/fundicao-em-areia\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">fundi\u00e7\u00e3o em areia<\/a> or, when the surface demands it, <a style=\"color: #086ad4; text-decoration: none;\" href=\"https:\/\/chinametalfoundry.com\/pt\/blog\/fundicao-em-areia-vs-fundicao-por-cera-perdida\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">fundi\u00e7\u00e3o \u00e0 cera perdida<\/a>. Above the low tens of thousands, dies win. Our earlier walk-through of <a style=\"color: #086ad4; text-decoration: none;\" href=\"https:\/\/chinametalfoundry.com\/pt\/blog\/permanent-mold-casting\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">permanent mould casting<\/a> put its break-even against sand near 1,200 pieces for a comparable part, and against <a style=\"color: #086ad4; text-decoration: none;\" href=\"https:\/\/chinametalfoundry.com\/pt\/blog\/fundicao-sob-pressao-vs-fundicao-em-areia\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">high-pressure die casting<\/a> near 3,000 \u2014 so the useful lost foam casting band is real, but it is a band, not the whole range.<\/p>\n<figure style=\"margin: 24px 0;\"><img decoding=\"async\" style=\"width: 100%; display: block; border-radius: 4px;\" src=\"https:\/\/chinametalfoundry.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/p217-lost-foam-3.webp\" alt=\"lost foam casting defect review of a sectioned aluminium casting and coated foam fragments on an inspection bench\" \/><figcaption style=\"font-size: 13px; color: #7e7e7e; text-align: center; margin-top: 8px;\">Fold lines and pyrolysis residue are the two defect families you will meet here and nowhere else.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<h2 style=\"font-family: 'Poppins',sans-serif; color: #273171; font-size: 25px; font-weight: 600; line-height: 1.3; margin: 34px 0 14px; padding: 4px 0 4px 30px; background: linear-gradient(to right, #ff512f 0px, #dd2476 5px, transparent 5px);\">Where the Money Is: Tooling, Break-Even and Piece Cost<\/h2>\n<p style=\"margin: 0 0 18px;\">Here is a worked lost foam casting example. All figures are US dollars, quoted against a green-sand baseline on the same part \u2014 the pump housing above, run in aluminium with three internal cores today.<\/p>\n<table style=\"width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; margin: 18px 0 24px; font-size: 15px; color: #333333;\">\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th style=\"background: #273171; color: #ffffff; padding: 12px 14px; text-align: left; font-weight: 600; border: 1px solid #273171;\">Cost line<\/th>\n<th style=\"background: #273171; color: #ffffff; padding: 12px 14px; text-align: left; font-weight: 600; border: 1px solid #273171;\">Green sand today<\/th>\n<th style=\"background: #273171; color: #ffffff; padding: 12px 14px; text-align: left; font-weight: 600; border: 1px solid #273171;\">Lost foam proposal<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #E5E5E5; padding: 10px 14px;\">Pattern \/ tooling<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #E5E5E5; padding: 10px 14px;\">$9,900 (pattern plate + 3 core boxes)<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #E5E5E5; padding: 10px 14px;\">$16,000 (single-cavity cluster tool + glue fixture)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"background: #F5F5F5;\">\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #E5E5E5; padding: 10px 14px;\">Tooling delta<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #E5E5E5; padding: 10px 14px;\">\u2014<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #E5E5E5; padding: 10px 14px;\">+$6,100<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #E5E5E5; padding: 10px 14px;\">Core making and setting labour<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #E5E5E5; padding: 10px 14px;\">$3.40 \/ pc<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #E5E5E5; padding: 10px 14px;\">$0<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"background: #F5F5F5;\">\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #E5E5E5; padding: 10px 14px;\">Core-fin and parting-flash removal<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #E5E5E5; padding: 10px 14px;\">$1.60 \/ pc<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #E5E5E5; padding: 10px 14px;\">$0.10 \/ pc<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #E5E5E5; padding: 10px 14px;\">Shot blast and grinding allowance<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #E5E5E5; padding: 10px 14px;\">$1.10 \/ pc<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #E5E5E5; padding: 10px 14px;\">$0.50 \/ pc (mostly gate removal only)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"background: #F5F5F5;\">\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #E5E5E5; padding: 10px 14px;\">Foam cluster consumed per shot<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #E5E5E5; padding: 10px 14px;\">$0<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #E5E5E5; padding: 10px 14px;\">\u2212$4.50 \/ pc (bead, glue labour, coating, drying)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #E5E5E5; padding: 10px 14px;\"><strong style=\"color: #273171;\">Net per-piece saving<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #E5E5E5; padding: 10px 14px;\">\u2014<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #E5E5E5; padding: 10px 14px;\"><strong style=\"color: #273171;\">$6.10 \/ pc<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p style=\"margin: 0 0 18px;\">Break-even is then straightforward: <strong style=\"color: #273171;\">$6,100 \u00f7 $6.10 = 1,000 pieces<\/strong>. Under a thousand units a year you are paying for tooling you will not recover; at 5,000 units the same part is about <strong style=\"color: #273171;\">$24,400 better off<\/strong>, mostly because three cores and their cleaning simply stopped existing.<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin: 0 0 18px;\">Two things are easy to miss when you build your own version of this lost foam casting table. Cluster pattern tools are single-cavity: if you need a rate above roughly 150\u2013250 shots per shift, budget for a second tool rather than expecting the first one to run faster \u2014 the cycle is dominated by bead blowing and cluster gluing, not by the casting machine. And the piece saving is only real if your drawing actually exploits the process; converting a part that needs one core will not produce a $6.10 delta. If you want the deeper logic on how these drivers interact, our <a style=\"color: #086ad4; text-decoration: none;\" href=\"https:\/\/chinametalfoundry.com\/pt\/blog\/casting-cost-breakdown\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">shop-floor cost breakdown<\/a> walks through each line item, and the machining side is covered in our <a style=\"color: #086ad4; text-decoration: none;\" href=\"https:\/\/chinametalfoundry.com\/pt\/cnc-machining-services\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">CNC machining services<\/a>.<\/p>\n<h2 style=\"font-family: 'Poppins',sans-serif; color: #273171; font-size: 25px; font-weight: 600; line-height: 1.3; margin: 34px 0 14px; padding: 4px 0 4px 30px; background: linear-gradient(to right, #ff512f 0px, #dd2476 5px, transparent 5px);\">Defects You Only Meet With Lost Foam Casting<\/h2>\n<p style=\"margin: 0 0 18px;\">Shrinkage, dross and general misruns behave much as they do elsewhere. The table below is the shortlist that belongs specifically to lost foam casting \u2014 names your supplier should be able to say out loud \u2014 if they do not use these words, they probably are not controlling them.<\/p>\n<table style=\"width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; margin: 18px 0 24px; font-size: 15px; color: #333333;\">\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th style=\"background: #273171; color: #ffffff; padding: 12px 14px; text-align: left; font-weight: 600; border: 1px solid #273171;\">Defect<\/th>\n<th style=\"background: #273171; color: #ffffff; padding: 12px 14px; text-align: left; font-weight: 600; border: 1px solid #273171;\">Root cause<\/th>\n<th style=\"background: #273171; color: #ffffff; padding: 12px 14px; text-align: left; font-weight: 600; border: 1px solid #273171;\">Practical fix<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #E5E5E5; padding: 10px 14px;\">Fold lines \/ metal lapping<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #E5E5E5; padding: 10px 14px;\">Fronts meeting after they have slowed and oxidised; pour too cool or fill too long<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #E5E5E5; padding: 10px 14px;\">Raise pour temperature 20\u201330 \u00b0C, cut fill time, add vacuum, re-gate so fronts do not collide in thin ribs.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"background: #F5F5F5;\">\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #E5E5E5; padding: 10px 14px;\">Carbon film \/ pyrolysis residue<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #E5E5E5; padding: 10px 14px;\">Too dense a pattern, coating too impermeable, gas not evacuated<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #E5E5E5; padding: 10px 14px;\">Drop cluster density toward 16\u201318 g\/L, thinner coat, coarser permeability target, vacuum assist.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #E5E5E5; padding: 10px 14px;\">Sand fusion \/ burn-on<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #E5E5E5; padding: 10px 14px;\">Coating too thin or cracked, coarse sand, hot spot<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #E5E5E5; padding: 10px 14px;\">Second dip to reach 0.6\u20130.8 mm, finer AFS grade locally, reduce local superheat.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"background: #F5F5F5;\">\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #E5E5E5; padding: 10px 14px;\">Bead print-through<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #E5E5E5; padding: 10px 14px;\">Coarse bead class and density too low to fill it<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #E5E5E5; padding: 10px 14px;\">Finer bead grade, density near the top of the window, polishing on cosmetic faces afterwards.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #E5E5E5; padding: 10px 14px;\">Dimensional loss in a pocket<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #E5E5E5; padding: 10px 14px;\">Soft sand during compaction or a flimsy cluster section<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #E5E5E5; padding: 10px 14px;\">Verify bulk density before pour, add a handling rib to the cluster, or support that region with a fixture.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"background: #F5F5F5;\">\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #E5E5E5; padding: 10px 14px;\">Misrun in isolated ribs<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #E5E5E5; padding: 10px 14px;\">Section below the practical wall limit for its length<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #E5E5E5; padding: 10px 14px;\">Thicken to 4 mm or more, feed the front locally, or accept a different process there.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p style=\"margin: 0 0 18px;\">Verification is worth specifying explicitly, because several of these only show up after sectioning or X-ray. Fold lines and carbon films are usually invisible on the skin, so put the acceptance method on the drawing rather than relying on a visual check \u2014 the options and their limits are set out in our <a style=\"color: #086ad4; text-decoration: none;\" href=\"https:\/\/chinametalfoundry.com\/pt\/blog\/casting-inspection-methods\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">casting inspection methods<\/a> guide, alongside the routine <a style=\"color: #086ad4; text-decoration: none;\" href=\"https:\/\/chinametalfoundry.com\/pt\/blog\/defeitos-comuns-na-fundicao-e-como-evita-los\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">defeitos de fundi\u00e7\u00e3o<\/a> that still apply here.<\/p>\n<h2 style=\"font-family: 'Poppins',sans-serif; color: #273171; font-size: 25px; font-weight: 600; line-height: 1.3; margin: 34px 0 14px; padding: 4px 0 4px 30px; background: linear-gradient(to right, #ff512f 0px, #dd2476 5px, transparent 5px);\">When a Buyer Should Specify This Process<\/h2>\n<p style=\"margin: 0 0 18px;\">Lost foam casting earns its keep when several of the following are true at the same time. One or two is not enough to justify the tooling.<\/p>\n<ul style=\"margin: 0 0 18px; padding-left: 22px;\">\n<li style=\"margin: 0 0 8px;\"><strong style=\"color: #273171;\">You are paying for three or more cores today.<\/strong> Every core is a core box, a print, a setting operation and a fin to grind off. This is the strongest single signal, and it is why cylinder heads, manifolds and hydraulic blocks are the classic applications.<\/li>\n<li style=\"margin: 0 0 8px;\"><strong style=\"color: #273171;\">Internal galleries are curved or multi-planar.<\/strong> Straight drilled cores are cheap to make with <a style=\"color: #086ad4; text-decoration: none;\" href=\"https:\/\/chinametalfoundry.com\/pt\/blog\/3d-printing-vs-casting\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">other routes<\/a>; a maze is not.<\/li>\n<li style=\"margin: 0 0 8px;\"><strong style=\"color: #273171;\">Annual volume is above roughly 1,000 pieces.<\/strong> Below that the tooling delta dominates, and below about 200 it rarely gets quoted at all.<\/li>\n<li style=\"margin: 0 0 8px;\"><strong style=\"color: #273171;\">You can hold walls at 4 mm and above<\/strong> for aluminium, 5 mm and above for grey iron.<\/li>\n<li style=\"margin: 0 0 8px;\"><strong style=\"color: #273171;\">You have six to ten weeks of tooling lead available.<\/strong> The cluster tool, not the casting, is on the critical path.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"margin: 0 0 18px;\">The counter-cases matter too, and they are why you should not treat lost foam casting as a default upgrade. If your part lives or dies on pressure tightness without impregnation, the coarser structure and slower cooling can work against you. If the drawing is dominated by thin fins under 3 mm, look at <a style=\"color: #086ad4; text-decoration: none;\" href=\"https:\/\/chinametalfoundry.com\/pt\/fundicao-a-cera-perdida\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">fundi\u00e7\u00e3o \u00e0 cera perdida<\/a> instead. And if the whole geometry is a thick-section load path, ask whether <a style=\"color: #086ad4; text-decoration: none;\" href=\"https:\/\/chinametalfoundry.com\/pt\/blog\/casting-vs-forging\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">casting versus forging<\/a> is even the right question.<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin: 0 0 18px;\">In practice the parts that convert best cluster in a few applications: pump and <a style=\"color: #086ad4; text-decoration: none;\" href=\"https:\/\/chinametalfoundry.com\/pt\/valve-casting\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">valve castings<\/a> with cross-drilled galleries, <a style=\"color: #086ad4; text-decoration: none;\" href=\"https:\/\/chinametalfoundry.com\/pt\/automotive-casting\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">automotive castings<\/a> such as intake manifolds and brackets that consolidate several pieces into one, and <a style=\"color: #086ad4; text-decoration: none;\" href=\"https:\/\/chinametalfoundry.com\/pt\/solucoes\/fundicao-de-aluminio\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">aluminium castings<\/a> where machining stock is currently generous because the location datums move between batches. <a style=\"color: #086ad4; text-decoration: none;\" href=\"https:\/\/chinametalfoundry.com\/pt\/solucoes\/iron-casting\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Iron casting<\/a> runs well here too \u2014 but check the next answer before you commit a ferrous part to this route.<\/p>\n<h2 style=\"font-family: 'Poppins',sans-serif; color: #273171; font-size: 25px; font-weight: 600; line-height: 1.3; margin: 34px 0 14px; padding: 4px 0 4px 30px; background: linear-gradient(to right, #ff512f 0px, #dd2476 5px, transparent 5px);\">Perguntas frequentes<\/h2>\n<h3 style=\"font-family: 'Poppins',sans-serif; color: #273171; font-size: 20px; font-weight: 600; line-height: 1.4; margin: 22px 0 8px;\">Does lost foam casting really need no draft?<\/h3>\n<p style=\"margin: 0 0 18px;\">You still need 0.5\u20131\u00b0 to eject the foam cluster from its aluminium tool, but you do not need the 2\u20133\u00b0 normally required to draw a pattern out of sand. On a 60 mm deep boss that difference is roughly 1\u20131.5 mm less taper per face, which often removes a machining step.<\/p>\n<h3 style=\"font-family: 'Poppins',sans-serif; color: #273171; font-size: 20px; font-weight: 600; line-height: 1.4; margin: 22px 0 8px;\">Why does it have to be poured hotter?<\/h3>\n<p style=\"margin: 0 0 18px;\">The advancing front spends part of its superheat decomposing the foam in front of it. If you pour at the conventional green-sand temperature, the front stalls when it reaches a thin rib, and what you get is a fold line rather than a clean fill \u2014 hence the 760\u2013790 \u00b0C band for A356 instead of 710\u2013750 \u00b0C.<\/p>\n<h3 style=\"font-family: 'Poppins',sans-serif; color: #273171; font-size: 20px; font-weight: 600; line-height: 1.4; margin: 22px 0 8px;\">Can it run grey iron and steel?<\/h3>\n<p style=\"margin: 0 0 18px;\">Grey and <a style=\"color: #086ad4; text-decoration: none;\" href=\"https:\/\/chinametalfoundry.com\/pt\/blog\/gray-iron-vs-ductile-iron\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">ductile iron<\/a> run routinely through lost foam casting. Low-carbon steels are harder: the casting skin can pick up carbon from the pyrolysis residue, so if your surface has to stay at specification you need roughly 1.5\u20132 mm of machining allowance or a different route. Raise that question before quoting, not after first article.<\/p>\n<h3 style=\"font-family: 'Poppins',sans-serif; color: #273171; font-size: 20px; font-weight: 600; line-height: 1.4; margin: 22px 0 8px;\">What tolerances should I expect?<\/h3>\n<p style=\"margin: 0 0 18px;\">Because there is no parting line and no core shift, the same part usually lands one ISO 8062 grade tighter than it did in green sand. From there the remaining variation is pattern-to-pattern consistency plus coating thickness. Put the numbers in the drawing and cross-check them against our <a style=\"color: #086ad4; text-decoration: none;\" href=\"https:\/\/chinametalfoundry.com\/pt\/blog\/guia-de-tolerancias-de-fundicao\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">tolerance reference<\/a> rather than assuming a grade.<\/p>\n<h3 style=\"font-family: 'Poppins',sans-serif; color: #273171; font-size: 20px; font-weight: 600; line-height: 1.4; margin: 22px 0 8px;\">Is it more expensive than green sand?<\/h3>\n<p style=\"margin: 0 0 18px;\">Tooling yes, per piece usually no \u2014 once you are past the break-even illustrated above. The honest way to answer it for your own part is the tooling delta divided by the per-piece saving; anything above a volume you can actually commit to within about 18 months is a gamble.<\/p>\n<h3 style=\"font-family: 'Poppins',sans-serif; color: #273171; font-size: 20px; font-weight: 600; line-height: 1.4; margin: 22px 0 8px;\">How do I start if I only need twenty parts?<\/h3>\n<p style=\"margin: 0 0 18px;\">You do not need the production tool. Clusters for small runs are cut and glued from foam stock, which removes most of the tooling cost and lets you validate the design before committing. That is how to convert an <a style=\"color: #086ad4; text-decoration: none;\" href=\"https:\/\/chinametalfoundry.com\/pt\/servicos-de-fundicao-de-prototipos-metalicos\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">existing machined or fabricated part<\/a> into a casting with the risk kept low.<\/p>\n\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"section\" data-elementor-id=\"3550\" class=\"elementor elementor-3550\" data-elementor-post-type=\"elementor_library\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-19b1acf1 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"19b1acf1\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;,&quot;ekit_has_onepagescroll_dot&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-background-overlay\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-56e26ed6\" data-id=\"56e26ed6\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-52c3d00c elementor-widget elementor-widget-elementskit-heading\" data-id=\"52c3d00c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;ekit_we_effect_on&quot;:&quot;none&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"elementskit-heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"ekit-wid-con\" ><div class=\"ekit-heading elementskit-section-title-wraper text_left   ekit_heading_tablet-   ekit_heading_mobile-\"><h3 class=\"ekit-heading--title elementskit-section-title\">\u00c0 procura de uma fundi\u00e7\u00e3o de metal fi\u00e1vel na China?<\/h3><\/div><\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-24c75aa0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"24c75aa0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;ekit_we_effect_on&quot;:&quot;none&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ul><li>Podemos ajud\u00e1-lo a otimizar o design de produtos e a poupar custos.<\/li><li>Podemos ajud\u00e1-lo com pe\u00e7as fundidas de alta qualidade e em grandes quantidades.<\/li><li>Podemos entregar a tempo e obter mais oportunidades no mercado de vendas.<\/li><li>Ir\u00e1 beneficiar do servi\u00e7o de fundi\u00e7\u00e3o de metais da Supro MFG.<\/li><\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-51a20937 elementor-align-left elementor-widget elementor-widget-global elementor-global-1143 elementor-widget-button\" data-id=\"51a20937\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;ekit_we_effect_on&quot;:&quot;none&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"button.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-button-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-button elementor-button-link elementor-size-sm elementor-animation-grow\" href=\"https:\/\/chinametalfoundry.com\/pt\/contacto\/\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-content-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-text\">Pedir um Or\u00e7amento Direto da F\u00e1brica <\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\n<p class=\"sc-note\" style=\"font-size: 13px; color: #9a9a9a; margin: 28px 0 0;\">*Process windows referenced from AFS and Aluminum Association publications, combined with Supro MFG production records; cost figures are illustrative ranges and must be re-quoted against your own drawing.<\/p>\n<\/article>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Lost foam casting removes two things that inflate the price of a complex part: cores and parting-line flash. It also [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":5,"featured_media":7842,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","ast-disable-related-posts":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"default","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"default","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"set","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"footnotes":""},"categories":[51],"tags":[48,47,50,42,43],"class_list":["post-7841","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-casting-processes","tag-casting-comparison","tag-casting-process","tag-casting-selection","tag-metal-casting","tag-sand-casting"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/chinametalfoundry.com\/pt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7841","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/chinametalfoundry.com\/pt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/chinametalfoundry.com\/pt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/chinametalfoundry.com\/pt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/5"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/chinametalfoundry.com\/pt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=7841"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/chinametalfoundry.com\/pt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7841\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":7848,"href":"https:\/\/chinametalfoundry.com\/pt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7841\/revisions\/7848"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/chinametalfoundry.com\/pt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/7842"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/chinametalfoundry.com\/pt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=7841"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/chinametalfoundry.com\/pt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=7841"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/chinametalfoundry.com\/pt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=7841"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}