{"id":8130,"date":"2026-10-26T02:14:46","date_gmt":"2026-10-26T02:14:46","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/chinametalfoundry.com\/?p=8130"},"modified":"2026-10-26T02:14:46","modified_gmt":"2026-10-26T02:14:46","slug":"casting-weld-repair","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/chinametalfoundry.com\/de\/blog\/casting-weld-repair\/","title":{"rendered":"Casting Weld Repair: Rules, Standards and Real Cost Math"},"content":{"rendered":"<article class=\"sc-article\" style=\"max-width: 820px; margin: 0 auto; font-family: 'Poppins',sans-serif; color: #7e7e7e; font-size: 16px; line-height: 1.7;\">\n<div class=\"sc-intro\" style=\"background: #F5F5F5; border-radius: 20px; padding: 22px 24px; font-style: italic; color: #3a3a3a; margin: 0 0 26px; line-height: 1.6;\">\n<p style=\"margin: 0;\">Repair it or scrap it. Every casting buyer eventually faces that choice after a shrinkage cluster shows up on a radiograph, an inclusion appears on the machined face, or a valve body weeps at the pressure test. <strong style=\"color: #273171;\">Casting weld repair<\/strong> is legitimate under almost every major specification \u2014 but it is legitimate only inside a narrow frame: a qualified welding procedure, the right filler metal, controlled preheat and post-weld heat treatment, and records that survive audit. Miss any one of those and you may end up with a part that looks repaired rather than one that is.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p style=\"margin: 0 0 18px;\">This guide draws on published material from the <a style=\"color: #086ad4; text-decoration: none;\" href=\"https:\/\/www.afsinc.org\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">American Foundry Society (AFS)<\/a>, the <a style=\"color: #086ad4; text-decoration: none;\" href=\"https:\/\/www.sfsa.org\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Steel Founders\u2019 Society of America (SFSA)<\/a> and ASTM welding practice, and puts casting weld repair into three sets of verifiable numbers: preheat temperatures derived from two carbon-equivalent calculations (0.42 and 0.66), the three documents that must reach your inbox before an arc is struck, and cost models for three real parts. One of those models shows repair costing $55.00 more than a brand-new casting \u2014 welding it would be the wrong call.<\/p>\n<figure style=\"margin: 24px 0;\"><img decoding=\"async\" style=\"width: 100%; display: block; border-radius: 4px;\" src=\"https:\/\/chinametalfoundry.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/p246-casting-weld-repair-1.webp\" alt=\"casting weld repair: V-groove excavation and weld beads on a boss of a heavy steel pump housing on a dark steel bench\" \/><figcaption style=\"font-size: 13px; color: #7e7e7e; text-align: center; margin-top: 8px;\">Figure 1: a ground-out V-groove and weld deposit on a machined boss. Nothing about the repair matters more than whether the cavity was excavated to sound metal.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<h2 style=\"font-family: 'Poppins',sans-serif; color: #273171; font-size: 25px; font-weight: 600; line-height: 1.3; margin: 34px 0 14px; padding: 4px 0 4px 30px; background: linear-gradient(to right, #ff512f 0px, #dd2476 5px, transparent 5px);\">What Counts as Repair \u2014 and What Already Breaks Your Specification<\/h2>\n<p style=\"margin: 0 0 18px;\">Before discussing casting weld repair, it helps to sort the dispositions. There are four outcomes for a casting defect, and only the second is a repair in the metallurgical sense. Which one applies mostly follows from the defect type, covered in our guide to <a style=\"color: #086ad4; text-decoration: none;\" href=\"https:\/\/chinametalfoundry.com\/de\/blog\/haufige-gussfehler-und-wie-man-sie-vermeidet\/\" target=\"_blank\">common casting defects<\/a>.<\/p>\n<ul style=\"margin: 0 0 18px; padding-left: 22px;\">\n<li style=\"margin: 0 0 8px;\"><strong style=\"color: #273171;\">Blending by grinding.<\/strong> The indication sits inside the <a style=\"color: #086ad4; text-decoration: none;\" href=\"https:\/\/chinametalfoundry.com\/de\/blog\/casting-machining-allowance\/\" target=\"_blank\">machining allowance<\/a> or within the visual acceptance limits written into MSS SP-55. Grind the pit out, blend it smooth, done \u2014 no welding, no heat treatment, no qualification. This is the cheapest disposition and the one most often overlooked.<\/li>\n<li style=\"margin: 0 0 8px;\"><strong style=\"color: #273171;\">Weld repair.<\/strong> This is what casting weld repair means in strict terms: excavate to sound metal, deposit filler metal under a qualified procedure, then re-examine and heat treat as required. This is the subject of the rest of the article.<\/li>\n<li style=\"margin: 0 0 8px;\"><strong style=\"color: #273171;\">Prohibited \u201cseal-ups\u201d.<\/strong> For carbon steel castings supplied to ASTM A216, the standard states plainly that castings <strong style=\"color: #273171;\">shall not be peened, plugged, or impregnated to stop leaks<\/strong>. Vacuum <a style=\"color: #086ad4; text-decoration: none;\" href=\"https:\/\/chinametalfoundry.com\/de\/blog\/casting-secondary-operations\/\" target=\"_blank\">impregnation<\/a> is a perfectly good process for non-pressure and non-ferrous parts \u2014 offering it as a fix for a leaking steel pressure part makes the whole batch non-conforming.<\/li>\n<li style=\"margin: 0 0 8px;\"><strong style=\"color: #273171;\">Scrap and re-make.<\/strong> When the defect sits in a critical load path, or when the same area has already been repaired twice, re-making is the only defensible answer.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"margin: 0 0 18px;\">The practical takeaway for the purchase order: casting weld repair starts here, because impregnation is a legitimate process step, but it is not a repair disposition for a steel pressure part bought to ASTM. When a supplier proposes \u201cwe\u2019ll just impregnate it\u201d, the correct answer is no \u2014 either a through-wall weld repair under a qualified procedure, or a re-make.<\/p>\n<h2 style=\"font-family: 'Poppins',sans-serif; color: #273171; font-size: 25px; font-weight: 600; line-height: 1.3; margin: 34px 0 14px; padding: 4px 0 4px 30px; background: linear-gradient(to right, #ff512f 0px, #dd2476 5px, transparent 5px);\">When Casting Weld Repair Is Legitimate<\/h2>\n<p style=\"margin: 0 0 18px;\">Casting weld repair decisions turn on only two variables: <strong style=\"color: #273171;\">location<\/strong> und <strong style=\"color: #273171;\">Material<\/strong>. Location decides whether design authority is required; material decides whether the joint can ever equal the parent section.<\/p>\n<table style=\"width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; margin: 18px 0 24px; font-size: 15px; color: #333333;\">\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th style=\"background: #273171; color: #ffffff; padding: 12px 14px; text-align: left; font-weight: 600; border: 1px solid #273171;\">Location \/ duty<\/th>\n<th style=\"background: #273171; color: #ffffff; padding: 12px 14px; text-align: left; font-weight: 600; border: 1px solid #273171;\">Normal ruling<\/th>\n<th style=\"background: #273171; color: #ffffff; padding: 12px 14px; text-align: left; font-weight: 600; border: 1px solid #273171;\">Extra requirement<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #E5E5E5; padding: 10px 14px;\">Cosmetic or non-load-bearing face (machine-base wall, end cover)<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #E5E5E5; padding: 10px 14px;\">Allowed<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #E5E5E5; padding: 10px 14px;\">Blend flush to the same <a style=\"color: #086ad4; text-decoration: none;\" href=\"https:\/\/chinametalfoundry.com\/de\/blog\/casting-surface-finishing\/\" target=\"_blank\">surface standard<\/a> as the rest of the casting<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"background: #F5F5F5;\">\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #E5E5E5; padding: 10px 14px;\">Defect inside the machining allowance<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #E5E5E5; padding: 10px 14px;\">Grind, do not weld<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #E5E5E5; padding: 10px 14px;\">Judged against the specified <a style=\"color: #086ad4; text-decoration: none;\" href=\"https:\/\/chinametalfoundry.com\/de\/blog\/casting-machining-allowance\/\" target=\"_blank\">machining allowance<\/a><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #E5E5E5; padding: 10px 14px;\">Low-stress wall section (excavation under ~20% of wall thickness)<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #E5E5E5; padding: 10px 14px;\">Allowed<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #E5E5E5; padding: 10px 14px;\">Qualified WPS plus MT\/PT of the finished repair<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"background: #F5F5F5;\">\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #E5E5E5; padding: 10px 14px;\">High-cycle fatigue area (crank bracket, cantilever, gearbox arm)<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #E5E5E5; padding: 10px 14px;\">Not without written design approval<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #E5E5E5; padding: 10px 14px;\">Fatigue life is not restored by weld metal<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #E5E5E5; padding: 10px 14px;\">Pressure boundary (valve body, pump casing wall)<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #E5E5E5; padding: 10px 14px;\">Allowed under strict conditions<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #E5E5E5; padding: 10px 14px;\">100% RT\/UT of the repair zone, PWHT, owner approval, no plugging or impregnation<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"background: #F5F5F5;\">\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #E5E5E5; padding: 10px 14px;\">Sealing face (flange serrations, mechanical seal seat)<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #E5E5E5; padding: 10px 14px;\">Normally re-make<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #E5E5E5; padding: 10px 14px;\">Weld-metal hardness differs from parent metal; the seal leaks again in service<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p style=\"margin: 0 0 18px;\">The material axis is simpler. <a style=\"color: #086ad4; text-decoration: none;\" href=\"https:\/\/chinametalfoundry.com\/de\/blog\/cast-steel-grades\/\" target=\"_blank\">Cast steel grades<\/a> such as WCB, WC6 and CF8M are weldable and routinely repaired; <a style=\"color: #086ad4; text-decoration: none;\" href=\"https:\/\/chinametalfoundry.com\/de\/blog\/cast-iron-vs-cast-steel\/\" target=\"_blank\">cast iron<\/a> is a material you have to do arithmetic on; pressure-retaining parts such as <a style=\"color: #086ad4; text-decoration: none;\" href=\"https:\/\/chinametalfoundry.com\/de\/valve-casting\/\" target=\"_blank\">valve castings<\/a> sit under the strictest version of those rules; <a style=\"color: #086ad4; text-decoration: none;\" href=\"https:\/\/chinametalfoundry.com\/de\/blog\/bronze-casting\/\" target=\"_blank\">bronze and copper alloys<\/a> plus most <a style=\"color: #086ad4; text-decoration: none;\" href=\"https:\/\/chinametalfoundry.com\/de\/losungen\/aluminiumguss\/\" target=\"_blank\">sand-cast aluminium<\/a> grades are rarely worth casting weld repair, and high-pressure <a style=\"color: #086ad4; text-decoration: none;\" href=\"https:\/\/chinametalfoundry.com\/de\/druckgussdienstleistungen\/\" target=\"_blank\">Druckgussteile<\/a> with 2\u20133 mm walls almost never are \u2014 there is no sound parent section to weld back into. A workshop that produces <a style=\"color: #086ad4; text-decoration: none;\" href=\"https:\/\/chinametalfoundry.com\/de\/losungen\/steel-casting\/\" target=\"_blank\">steel castings<\/a> almost always has a qualified welding bay attached. A workshop that only pours <a style=\"color: #086ad4; text-decoration: none;\" href=\"https:\/\/chinametalfoundry.com\/de\/losungen\/iron-casting\/\" target=\"_blank\">iron castings<\/a> often has no WPS at all \u2014 worth confirming before you place the order, not after the defect appears.<\/p>\n<h2 style=\"font-family: 'Poppins',sans-serif; color: #273171; font-size: 25px; font-weight: 600; line-height: 1.3; margin: 34px 0 14px; padding: 4px 0 4px 30px; background: linear-gradient(to right, #ff512f 0px, #dd2476 5px, transparent 5px);\">Qualification: Three Documents Behind Every Repair<\/h2>\n<h3 style=\"font-family: 'Poppins',sans-serif; color: #273171; font-size: 20px; font-weight: 600; line-height: 1.4; margin: 26px 0 8px; text-transform: capitalize;\">ASTM A488 and the ASME IX shortcut<\/h3>\n<hr style=\"width: 100px; height: 4px; background: #EF890D; border: none; border-radius: 2px; margin: 0 0 14px; line-height: 0; opacity: 1;\" \/>\n<p style=\"margin: 0 0 18px;\">Casting weld repair on steel castings is governed, for procedure and personnel qualification, by <a style=\"color: #086ad4; text-decoration: none;\" href=\"https:\/\/www.astm.org\/Standards\/A488.htm\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">ASTM A488\/A488M-24, \u201cSteel Castings, Welding, Qualifications of Procedures and Personnel\u201d<\/a>. One clause saves a lot of argument: a procedure and welder qualified under ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code <a style=\"color: #086ad4; text-decoration: none;\" href=\"https:\/\/www.aws.org\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Section IX<\/a> <strong style=\"color: #273171;\">is automatically qualified under ASTM A488<\/strong>. So when a supplier of <a style=\"color: #086ad4; text-decoration: none;\" href=\"https:\/\/chinametalfoundry.com\/de\/losungen\/edelstahlguss\/\" target=\"_blank\">Edelstahlgussteile<\/a> or <a style=\"color: #086ad4; text-decoration: none;\" href=\"https:\/\/chinametalfoundry.com\/de\/feinguss\/\" target=\"_blank\">investment cast stainless<\/a> parts hands you ASME IX paperwork, accept it \u2014 it is a higher bar, not a different one.<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin: 0 0 18px;\">A complete package is three documents. The <strong style=\"color: #273171;\">WPS<\/strong> (welding procedure specification) states the process, filler class and preheat \/ interpass \/ post-heat parameters. The <strong style=\"color: #273171;\">PQR<\/strong> (procedure qualification record) is the laboratory evidence behind it \u2014 tensile, bend, <a style=\"color: #086ad4; text-decoration: none;\" href=\"https:\/\/chinametalfoundry.com\/de\/blog\/cast-steel-grades\/\" target=\"_blank\">Charpy impact<\/a> and radiographic results. The <strong style=\"color: #273171;\">welder performance qualification<\/strong> limits that person to specific processes, positions and material categories. Remove any one of the three and the repair has no metallurgical basis.<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin: 0 0 18px;\">If no suitable PQR exists, qualifying one on the fly is expensive: a package with tension, bend, impact and RT testing typically runs $2,400\u2013$6,500 and three to five weeks. That cost either lands in your order or in the supplier\u2019s decision to decline it \u2014 which is exactly why <a style=\"color: #086ad4; text-decoration: none;\" href=\"https:\/\/chinametalfoundry.com\/de\/blog\/casting-supplier-audit\/\" target=\"_blank\">supplier audits<\/a> should include a WPS\/PQR register, and why your <a style=\"color: #086ad4; text-decoration: none;\" href=\"https:\/\/chinametalfoundry.com\/de\/blog\/casting-quality-agreement\/\" target=\"_blank\">quality agreement<\/a> should state that no unqualified procedure may be used on a casting weld repair.<\/p>\n<h2 style=\"font-family: 'Poppins',sans-serif; color: #273171; font-size: 25px; font-weight: 600; line-height: 1.3; margin: 34px 0 14px; padding: 4px 0 4px 30px; background: linear-gradient(to right, #ff512f 0px, #dd2476 5px, transparent 5px);\">Preheat, Filler and PWHT: The Numbers Behind a Sound Repair<\/h2>\n<p style=\"margin: 0 0 18px;\">For cast steel, casting weld repair is controlled by one number: preheat temperature, set by the IIW carbon-equivalent relation CE = C + Mn\/6 + (Cr+Mo+V)\/5 + (Ni+Cu)\/15, combined with section thickness. Two worked examples:<\/p>\n<ul style=\"margin: 0 0 18px; padding-left: 22px;\">\n<li style=\"margin: 0 0 8px;\"><strong style=\"color: #273171;\">ASTM A216 WCB (C 0.25% \/ Mn 1.00%):<\/strong> CE = 0.25 + 0.167 = 0.42 \u2192 preheat 95\u2013150 \u00b0C, interpass ceiling 260 \u00b0C.<\/li>\n<li style=\"margin: 0 0 8px;\"><strong style=\"color: #273171;\">ASTM A217 WC6, 1\u00bcCr-\u00bdMo (C 0.20% \/ Mn 0.65%):<\/strong> CE = 0.20 + 0.108 + 0.350 = 0.66 \u2192 preheat 150\u2013200 \u00b0C, interpass ceiling 300 \u00b0C, PWHT 650\u2013700 \u00b0C.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<table style=\"width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; margin: 18px 0 24px; font-size: 15px; color: #333333;\">\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th style=\"background: #273171; color: #ffffff; padding: 12px 14px; text-align: left; font-weight: 600; border: 1px solid #273171;\">Material family<\/th>\n<th style=\"background: #273171; color: #ffffff; padding: 12px 14px; text-align: left; font-weight: 600; border: 1px solid #273171;\">Preheat<\/th>\n<th style=\"background: #273171; color: #ffffff; padding: 12px 14px; text-align: left; font-weight: 600; border: 1px solid #273171;\">Max interpass<\/th>\n<th style=\"background: #273171; color: #ffffff; padding: 12px 14px; text-align: left; font-weight: 600; border: 1px solid #273171;\">Post-weld heat treatment<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #E5E5E5; padding: 10px 14px;\">Carbon steel casting, WCB<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #E5E5E5; padding: 10px 14px;\">95\u2013150 \u00b0C<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #E5E5E5; padding: 10px 14px;\">260 \u00b0C<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #E5E5E5; padding: 10px 14px;\">595\u2013675 \u00b0C, 1 h per 25 mm, 1 h minimum<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"background: #F5F5F5;\">\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #E5E5E5; padding: 10px 14px;\">Low-alloy WC6 \/ WC9<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #E5E5E5; padding: 10px 14px;\">150\u2013200 \u00b0C<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #E5E5E5; padding: 10px 14px;\">300 \u00b0C<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #E5E5E5; padding: 10px 14px;\">650\u2013700 \u00b0C, 1 h per 25 mm<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #E5E5E5; padding: 10px 14px;\">Austenitic stainless CF8M<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #E5E5E5; padding: 10px 14px;\">None beyond drying<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #E5E5E5; padding: 10px 14px;\">150 \u00b0C<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #E5E5E5; padding: 10px 14px;\">If required, solution anneal at 1 040 \u00b0C; low-temperature stress relief risks sensitisation<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"background: #F5F5F5;\">\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #E5E5E5; padding: 10px 14px;\">Ductile iron A536<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #E5E5E5; padding: 10px 14px;\">Hot weld 200\u2013350 \u00b0C, or cold nickel technique<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #E5E5E5; padding: 10px 14px;\">By procedure<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #E5E5E5; padding: 10px 14px;\">No unified PWHT cycle; <a style=\"color: #086ad4; text-decoration: none;\" href=\"https:\/\/chinametalfoundry.com\/de\/blog\/casting-heat-treatment\/\" target=\"_blank\">W\u00e4rmebehandlung<\/a> does not restore ductility<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #E5E5E5; padding: 10px 14px;\">Gray iron A48<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #E5E5E5; padding: 10px 14px;\">300\u2013350 \u00b0C hot weld, or low-heat nickel beads<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #E5E5E5; padding: 10px 14px;\">Low heat input<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #E5E5E5; padding: 10px 14px;\">Reduces HAZ hardness, does not restore plasticity<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p style=\"margin: 0 0 18px;\">Two shop details decide more repairs than anything in the table. First, <strong style=\"color: #273171;\">low hydrogen<\/strong>: electrodes such as E7018 need baking around 345\u2013400 \u00b0C for one to two hours and then holding at 120\u2013150 \u00b0C in a rod oven. Damp flux is the single most common cause of a repair that looks sound, passes the dye check, and cracks a day later. Second, <strong style=\"color: #273171;\">hydrogen bake-out<\/strong>: if a thick carbon steel section cannot reach the <a style=\"color: #086ad4; text-decoration: none;\" href=\"https:\/\/chinametalfoundry.com\/de\/heat-treatment-services\/\" target=\"_blank\">PWHT furnace<\/a> immediately, holding it at 300\u2013350 \u00b0C for two to four hours removes a large share of that risk.<\/p>\n<figure style=\"margin: 24px 0;\"><img decoding=\"async\" style=\"width: 100%; display: block; border-radius: 4px;\" src=\"https:\/\/chinametalfoundry.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/p246-casting-weld-repair-2.webp\" alt=\"casting weld repair filler metals: nickel-iron rods and low-hydrogen steel electrodes laid out in a row on a dark steel bench\" \/><figcaption style=\"font-size: 13px; color: #7e7e7e; text-align: center; margin-top: 8px;\">Figure 2: filler metals sorted and labelled. Choosing the wrong rod and gouging into damp metal wreck a repair just as effectively as skipping the preheat.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<h2 style=\"font-family: 'Poppins',sans-serif; color: #273171; font-size: 25px; font-weight: 600; line-height: 1.3; margin: 34px 0 14px; padding: 4px 0 4px 30px; background: linear-gradient(to right, #ff512f 0px, #dd2476 5px, transparent 5px);\">Cast Iron Runs on Different Arithmetic<\/h2>\n<p style=\"margin: 0 0 18px;\">SFSA takes a blunt position: gray and ductile iron are <strong style=\"color: #273171;\">not weldable<\/strong>. AWS meanwhile publishes both a guide to welding iron castings and a dedicated filler-metal specification. The two views are not contradictory \u2014 they use a different definition of acceptable.<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin: 0 0 18px;\">The numbers settle it. In a published study on ductile iron welded with a 98% nickel filler, the best joint averaged <strong style=\"color: #273171;\">380 MPa against 450 MPa parent metal \u2014 84.7%<\/strong> \u2014 while the heat-affected zone reached 355\u2013365 HV against 187\u2013238 HV in the base material. Post-weld heat treatment brings that hardness down, but it does not restore ductility or toughness. That is the honest basis for comparing weld repair against replacement on <a style=\"color: #086ad4; text-decoration: none;\" href=\"https:\/\/chinametalfoundry.com\/de\/blog\/gray-iron-vs-ductile-iron\/\" target=\"_blank\">gray and ductile iron<\/a>, not whether the bead will hold.<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin: 0 0 18px;\">So casting weld repair on iron really means three routes:<\/p>\n<ul style=\"margin: 0 0 18px; padding-left: 22px;\">\n<li style=\"margin: 0 0 8px;\"><strong style=\"color: #273171;\">Nickel filler welding.<\/strong> Good for static machine bases, non-pressure faces of pump housings and small defects caught before machining. Nickel weld metal also machines cleanly, unlike a steel bead on iron.<\/li>\n<li style=\"margin: 0 0 8px;\"><strong style=\"color: #273171;\">Metal stitching.<\/strong> A cold process with no arc: interlocking keys are set across the crack and a line of overlapping pins is drawn along it, locking and sealing the fracture. No HAZ means it is the right answer for in-service frames, beds and engine housings \u2014 but it restores enough strength and tightness to keep equipment running, not the continuous section the drawing assumes.<\/li>\n<li style=\"margin: 0 0 8px;\"><strong style=\"color: #273171;\">Re-make.<\/strong> For any load-critical or pressure-retaining iron section.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2 style=\"font-family: 'Poppins',sans-serif; color: #273171; font-size: 25px; font-weight: 600; line-height: 1.3; margin: 34px 0 14px; padding: 4px 0 4px 30px; background: linear-gradient(to right, #ff512f 0px, #dd2476 5px, transparent 5px);\">The Eight-Step Casting Weld Repair Workflow<\/h2>\n<p style=\"margin: 0 0 18px;\">A defensible casting weld repair is eight gates, each producing evidence. It is the same discipline as <a style=\"color: #086ad4; text-decoration: none;\" href=\"https:\/\/chinametalfoundry.com\/de\/blog\/casting-first-article-inspection\/\" target=\"_blank\">first article inspection<\/a>: an unverified gate is a gate that did not happen.<\/p>\n<table style=\"width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; margin: 18px 0 24px; font-size: 15px; color: #333333;\">\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th style=\"background: #273171; color: #ffffff; padding: 12px 14px; text-align: left; font-weight: 600; border: 1px solid #273171;\">#<\/th>\n<th style=\"background: #273171; color: #ffffff; padding: 12px 14px; text-align: left; font-weight: 600; border: 1px solid #273171;\">Step<\/th>\n<th style=\"background: #273171; color: #ffffff; padding: 12px 14px; text-align: left; font-weight: 600; border: 1px solid #273171;\">Evidence on file<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #E5E5E5; padding: 10px 14px;\">1<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #E5E5E5; padding: 10px 14px;\">NDT locates the defect: nature, size, depth<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #E5E5E5; padding: 10px 14px;\">MT \/ PT \/ UT \/ RT report plus a marked location \u2014 see <a style=\"color: #086ad4; text-decoration: none;\" href=\"https:\/\/chinametalfoundry.com\/de\/blog\/casting-inspection-methods\/\" target=\"_blank\">inspection method selection<\/a><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"background: #F5F5F5;\">\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #E5E5E5; padding: 10px 14px;\">2<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #E5E5E5; padding: 10px 14px;\">Engineering check: will removing the defect take more than 20% of the local wall?<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #E5E5E5; padding: 10px 14px;\">Recorded judgement; beyond the limit requires design approval<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #E5E5E5; padding: 10px 14px;\">3<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #E5E5E5; padding: 10px 14px;\">Excavate by arc-air gouging or grinding into sound metal<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #E5E5E5; padding: 10px 14px;\">MT or PT on the finished cavity to prove complete removal<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"background: #F5F5F5;\">\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #E5E5E5; padding: 10px 14px;\">4<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #E5E5E5; padding: 10px 14px;\">Prepare the cavity: rounded profile, no sharp notches<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #E5E5E5; padding: 10px 14px;\">Visual check<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #E5E5E5; padding: 10px 14px;\">5<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #E5E5E5; padding: 10px 14px;\">Weld under preheat, controlled interpass, qualified WPS and welder<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #E5E5E5; padding: 10px 14px;\">Preheat record, interpass log, WPS number, welder identity<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"background: #F5F5F5;\">\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #E5E5E5; padding: 10px 14px;\">6<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #E5E5E5; padding: 10px 14px;\">Hydrogen bake-out or full PWHT<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #E5E5E5; padding: 10px 14px;\">Furnace time-temperature chart<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #E5E5E5; padding: 10px 14px;\">7<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #E5E5E5; padding: 10px 14px;\">Grind flush and restore <a style=\"color: #086ad4; text-decoration: none;\" href=\"https:\/\/chinametalfoundry.com\/de\/blog\/casting-tolerances-guide\/\" target=\"_blank\">dimensional tolerances<\/a><\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #E5E5E5; padding: 10px 14px;\">Visual and dimensional check<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"background: #F5F5F5;\">\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #E5E5E5; padding: 10px 14px;\">8<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #E5E5E5; padding: 10px 14px;\">Re-examine the repair zone plus 25 mm of surrounding material at 100%<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #E5E5E5; padding: 10px 14px;\">NDT report and hardness survey<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p style=\"margin: 0 0 18px;\">The two steps most quietly skipped are the MT\/PT after step 3 \u2014 many shops substitute \u201clooks clean\u201d \u2014 and the furnace chart at step 6, where a verbal \u201cit was heat treated\u201d means it was not. Write both into your <a style=\"color: #086ad4; text-decoration: none;\" href=\"https:\/\/chinametalfoundry.com\/de\/blog\/casting-quality-agreement\/\" target=\"_blank\">quality agreement<\/a> as missing-report-equals-reject rather than as a request. One more practical note: when the repaired part goes back to <a style=\"color: #086ad4; text-decoration: none;\" href=\"https:\/\/chinametalfoundry.com\/de\/cnc-machining-services\/\" target=\"_blank\">CNC-Bearbeitung<\/a>, a hard HAZ on carbon steel eats tools fast, while nickel weld metal on iron machines almost like the parent material.<\/p>\n<figure style=\"margin: 24px 0;\"><img decoding=\"async\" style=\"width: 100%; display: block; border-radius: 4px;\" src=\"https:\/\/chinametalfoundry.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/p246-casting-weld-repair-3.webp\" alt=\"casting weld repair re-examination: ultrasonic flaw detector probe resting on the machined face of a heavy steel casting with cable coiled on a dark bench\" \/><figcaption style=\"font-size: 13px; color: #7e7e7e; text-align: center; margin-top: 8px;\">Figure 3: re-examining the repair zone and 25 mm of surrounding material. Without it, the first seven steps are still assumptions.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<h2 style=\"font-family: 'Poppins',sans-serif; color: #273171; font-size: 25px; font-weight: 600; line-height: 1.3; margin: 34px 0 14px; padding: 4px 0 4px 30px; background: linear-gradient(to right, #ff512f 0px, #dd2476 5px, transparent 5px);\">Repair or Re-make: Three Cost Models<\/h2>\n<p style=\"margin: 0 0 18px;\">Turn the casting weld repair decision into expected cost and the argument stops being about opinion. <strong style=\"color: #273171;\">Expected cost = repair spend + failure probability \u00d7 consequence<\/strong>. All three cases below use one shop\u2019s hourly rates, so the structure can be copied straight into your own comparison sheet.<\/p>\n<h3 style=\"font-family: 'Poppins',sans-serif; color: #273171; font-size: 20px; font-weight: 600; line-height: 1.4; margin: 26px 0 8px; text-transform: capitalize;\">Case A: 62 kg ductile iron bracket, defect found before machining<\/h3>\n<hr style=\"width: 100px; height: 4px; background: #EF890D; border: none; border-radius: 2px; margin: 0 0 14px; line-height: 0; opacity: 1;\" \/>\n<table style=\"width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; margin: 18px 0 24px; font-size: 15px; color: #333333;\">\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th style=\"background: #273171; color: #ffffff; padding: 12px 14px; text-align: left; font-weight: 600; border: 1px solid #273171;\">Item<\/th>\n<th style=\"background: #273171; color: #ffffff; padding: 12px 14px; text-align: left; font-weight: 600; border: 1px solid #273171;\">Kosten<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #E5E5E5; padding: 10px 14px;\">MT locate plus post-repair MT (0.9 h @ $68.00)<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #E5E5E5; padding: 10px 14px;\">$61.20<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"background: #F5F5F5;\">\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #E5E5E5; padding: 10px 14px;\">Arc-air gouge and grind (1.6 h @ $72.00)<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #E5E5E5; padding: 10px 14px;\">$115.20<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #E5E5E5; padding: 10px 14px;\">Welding with preheat and controlled cool-down (2.4 h @ $78.00)<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #E5E5E5; padding: 10px 14px;\">$187.20<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"background: #F5F5F5;\">\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #E5E5E5; padding: 10px 14px;\">Nickel-iron filler, 0.9 kg @ $46.00\/kg<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #E5E5E5; padding: 10px 14px;\">$41.40<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #E5E5E5; padding: 10px 14px;\">Re-machine the boss (0.8 h @ $85.00)<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #E5E5E5; padding: 10px 14px;\">$68.00<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"background: #F5F5F5;\">\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #E5E5E5; padding: 10px 14px;\">Repair total<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #E5E5E5; padding: 10px 14px;\">$473.00<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #E5E5E5; padding: 10px 14px;\">Re-make one new casting (42-day lead time)<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #E5E5E5; padding: 10px 14px;\">$418.00<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p style=\"margin: 0 0 18px;\">The verdict is counter-intuitive: this casting weld repair costs $473.00 against $418.00 for a brand-new casting \u2014 <strong style=\"color: #273171;\">$55.00 more, about 13.2%<\/strong>. At that point the deciding variable is not money but time: two days versus 42. If this bracket is blocking an assembly line worth $9,500 a day, the wait costs $380,000 and the premium is noise. If the part just sits in a schedule with slack, scrap it. <strong style=\"color: #273171;\">Do not put expensive repairs on cheap castings.<\/strong><\/p>\n<h3 style=\"font-family: 'Poppins',sans-serif; color: #273171; font-size: 20px; font-weight: 600; line-height: 1.4; margin: 26px 0 8px; text-transform: capitalize;\">Case B: 186 kg WCB valve body leaking at final pressure test<\/h3>\n<hr style=\"width: 100px; height: 4px; background: #EF890D; border: none; border-radius: 2px; margin: 0 0 14px; line-height: 0; opacity: 1;\" \/>\n<table style=\"width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; margin: 18px 0 24px; font-size: 15px; color: #333333;\">\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th style=\"background: #273171; color: #ffffff; padding: 12px 14px; text-align: left; font-weight: 600; border: 1px solid #273171;\">Item<\/th>\n<th style=\"background: #273171; color: #ffffff; padding: 12px 14px; text-align: left; font-weight: 600; border: 1px solid #273171;\">Kosten<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #E5E5E5; padding: 10px 14px;\">RT\/MT locate and mark<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #E5E5E5; padding: 10px 14px;\">$165.00<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"background: #F5F5F5;\">\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #E5E5E5; padding: 10px 14px;\">Excavation: gouge plus grind (3.2 h @ $82.00)<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #E5E5E5; padding: 10px 14px;\">$262.40<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #E5E5E5; padding: 10px 14px;\">Welding under a qualified WPS (4.5 h @ $86.00)<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #E5E5E5; padding: 10px 14px;\">$387.00<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"background: #F5F5F5;\">\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #E5E5E5; padding: 10px 14px;\">Low-hydrogen electrodes, 2.6 kg @ $9.50\/kg<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #E5E5E5; padding: 10px 14px;\">$24.70<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #E5E5E5; padding: 10px 14px;\">Local PWHT, resistance pads plus recording<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #E5E5E5; padding: 10px 14px;\">$285.00<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"background: #F5F5F5;\">\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #E5E5E5; padding: 10px 14px;\">Post-repair RT plus MT<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #E5E5E5; padding: 10px 14px;\">$245.00<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #E5E5E5; padding: 10px 14px;\">Re-machine the seat (1.2 h @ $95.00)<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #E5E5E5; padding: 10px 14px;\">$114.00<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"background: #F5F5F5;\">\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #E5E5E5; padding: 10px 14px;\">Repair total<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #E5E5E5; padding: 10px 14px;\">$1,483.10<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #E5E5E5; padding: 10px 14px;\">Risk term: 2% chance of field failure, consequence $3,190.00<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #E5E5E5; padding: 10px 14px;\">$63.80<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"background: #F5F5F5;\">\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #E5E5E5; padding: 10px 14px;\">Expected cost<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #E5E5E5; padding: 10px 14px;\">$1,546.90<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #E5E5E5; padding: 10px 14px;\">Re-make: new casting $1,340.00 plus full re-machining $620.00<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #E5E5E5; padding: 10px 14px;\">$1,960.00<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p style=\"margin: 0 0 18px;\">Here the casting weld repair answer flips. Expected cost of $1,546.90 against $1,960.00 means repair saves <strong style=\"color: #273171;\">$413.10<\/strong> and roughly nine weeks. The reason is that machining value is already sunk into the part \u2014 for a high-value, already-machined steel casting, repair almost always wins. The condition matters: that $1,483.10 includes real PWHT and 100% RT. A $400 \u201cweld repair\u201d quote almost certainly has both lines deleted.<\/p>\n<h3 style=\"font-family: 'Poppins',sans-serif; color: #273171; font-size: 20px; font-weight: 600; line-height: 1.4; margin: 26px 0 8px; text-transform: capitalize;\">Case C: 320 kg gray iron machine base with a 380 mm crack<\/h3>\n<hr style=\"width: 100px; height: 4px; background: #EF890D; border: none; border-radius: 2px; margin: 0 0 14px; line-height: 0; opacity: 1;\" \/>\n<table style=\"width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; margin: 18px 0 24px; font-size: 15px; color: #333333;\">\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th style=\"background: #273171; color: #ffffff; padding: 12px 14px; text-align: left; font-weight: 600; border: 1px solid #273171;\">Disposition<\/th>\n<th style=\"background: #273171; color: #ffffff; padding: 12px 14px; text-align: left; font-weight: 600; border: 1px solid #273171;\">Kosten<\/th>\n<th style=\"background: #273171; color: #ffffff; padding: 12px 14px; text-align: left; font-weight: 600; border: 1px solid #273171;\">What you get<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #E5E5E5; padding: 10px 14px;\">Nickel arc repair<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #E5E5E5; padding: 10px 14px;\">$880.00<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #E5E5E5; padding: 10px 14px;\">About 84.7% of parent strength, HAZ hardness 355\u2013365 HV, ductility not restored<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"background: #F5F5F5;\">\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #E5E5E5; padding: 10px 14px;\">Metal stitching (380 mm crack)<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #E5E5E5; padding: 10px 14px;\">$775.00<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #E5E5E5; padding: 10px 14px;\">No HAZ; restores alignment and pressure tightness, not a continuous section<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #E5E5E5; padding: 10px 14px;\">Re-make plus re-machine<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #E5E5E5; padding: 10px 14px;\">$2,530.00<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #E5E5E5; padding: 10px 14px;\">Fully conforming, at seven weeks<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p style=\"margin: 0 0 18px;\">For non-critical large parts such as frames and machine beds, <strong style=\"color: #273171;\">metal stitching<\/strong> is usually the best answer: cheaper than arc repair and no heat-affected zone at all. If the crack runs through a load-bearing rib carrying cyclic load, fall back on the first rule \u2014 you cannot substitute an 85% joint for 100% parent material, and the numbers behind that position are visible in every <a style=\"color: #086ad4; text-decoration: none;\" href=\"https:\/\/chinametalfoundry.com\/de\/blog\/cast-iron-vs-cast-steel\/\" target=\"_blank\">cast iron property table<\/a>. Re-make it.<\/p>\n<h2 style=\"font-family: 'Poppins',sans-serif; color: #273171; font-size: 25px; font-weight: 600; line-height: 1.3; margin: 34px 0 14px; padding: 4px 0 4px 30px; background: linear-gradient(to right, #ff512f 0px, #dd2476 5px, transparent 5px);\">Writing the Repair Clause Into Your PO: Six Items, Six Red Flags<\/h2>\n<p style=\"margin: 0 0 18px;\">Two checks on the supplier side predict how any disagreement will end: does the <a style=\"color: #086ad4; text-decoration: none;\" href=\"https:\/\/chinametalfoundry.com\/de\/sandguss\/\" target=\"_blank\">sand casting foundry<\/a> hold a qualified WPS in its own name, and does the <a style=\"color: #086ad4; text-decoration: none;\" href=\"https:\/\/chinametalfoundry.com\/de\/casting-molds-making\/\" target=\"_blank\">pattern and tooling<\/a> set still exist so a re-make is even possible inside the quoted lead time? A repair quote from a shop that can do neither usually reflects that, not generosity.<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin: 0 0 18px;\">Most casting weld repair disagreements come from orders that never said what may be repaired, or what evidence comes with it. Put these six items in at <a style=\"color: #086ad4; text-decoration: none;\" href=\"https:\/\/chinametalfoundry.com\/de\/blog\/casting-rfq\/\" target=\"_blank\">RFQ stage<\/a> \u2014 negotiating them once costs an afternoon, and they remove a year of argument.<\/p>\n<table style=\"width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; margin: 18px 0 24px; font-size: 15px; color: #333333;\">\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th style=\"background: #273171; color: #ffffff; padding: 12px 14px; text-align: left; font-weight: 600; border: 1px solid #273171;\">#<\/th>\n<th style=\"background: #273171; color: #ffffff; padding: 12px 14px; text-align: left; font-weight: 600; border: 1px solid #273171;\">Write it into the PO \/ quality agreement<\/th>\n<th style=\"background: #273171; color: #ffffff; padding: 12px 14px; text-align: left; font-weight: 600; border: 1px solid #273171;\">Why<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #E5E5E5; padding: 10px 14px;\">1<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #E5E5E5; padding: 10px 14px;\">No repair without prior written approval, including a marked weld map<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #E5E5E5; padding: 10px 14px;\">A repair with no map cannot be verified later<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"background: #F5F5F5;\">\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #E5E5E5; padding: 10px 14px;\">2<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #E5E5E5; padding: 10px 14px;\">WPS\/PQR number, welder identity and validity dates<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #E5E5E5; padding: 10px 14px;\">Traceability; an expired qualification is none<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #E5E5E5; padding: 10px 14px;\">3<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #E5E5E5; padding: 10px 14px;\">Filler metal class plus heat\/lot traceability<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #E5E5E5; padding: 10px 14px;\">Mixing nickel rods with steel jobs is the classic cast iron failure<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"background: #F5F5F5;\">\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #E5E5E5; padding: 10px 14px;\">4<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #E5E5E5; padding: 10px 14px;\">Preheat, interpass and PWHT temperatures with the furnace chart<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #E5E5E5; padding: 10px 14px;\">Numbers you cannot invent after the fact<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #E5E5E5; padding: 10px 14px;\">5<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #E5E5E5; padding: 10px 14px;\">NDT coverage: repair zone plus 25 mm of surrounding material at 100%<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #E5E5E5; padding: 10px 14px;\">Testing only the weld and ignoring the HAZ inspects half the risk<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"background: #F5F5F5;\">\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #E5E5E5; padding: 10px 14px;\">6<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #E5E5E5; padding: 10px 14px;\">Maximum two repair cycles in one area; a third requires engineering review<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #E5E5E5; padding: 10px 14px;\">Repeated thermal cycles keep degrading HAZ properties<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p style=\"margin: 0 0 18px;\">Red flags. Any one of these should pause acceptance:<\/p>\n<ul style=\"margin: 0 0 18px; padding-left: 22px;\">\n<li style=\"margin: 0 0 8px;\">A weld map that shows only post-repair photos, never the original defect location<\/li>\n<li style=\"margin: 0 0 8px;\">No WPS\/PQR number, only \u201cour welder has twenty years of experience\u201d<\/li>\n<li style=\"margin: 0 0 8px;\">No recorded preheat or interpass temperatures<\/li>\n<li style=\"margin: 0 0 8px;\">PWHT described in one sentence with no furnace chart attached<\/li>\n<li style=\"margin: 0 0 8px;\">Impregnation offered as a leak-stopping method on an ASTM pressure steel casting<\/li>\n<li style=\"margin: 0 0 8px;\">Three or more repair cycles in the same area with no design authority signature<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"margin: 0 0 18px;\">Put the same list into the <a style=\"color: #086ad4; text-decoration: none;\" href=\"https:\/\/chinametalfoundry.com\/de\/blog\/casting-quality-agreement\/\" target=\"_blank\">quality agreement<\/a> and sample two real repair records during the next <a style=\"color: #086ad4; text-decoration: none;\" href=\"https:\/\/chinametalfoundry.com\/de\/blog\/casting-supplier-audit\/\" target=\"_blank\">supplier audit<\/a>. That is worth more than any sentence beginning \u201cwe take quality very seriously\u201d.<\/p>\n<h2 style=\"font-family: 'Poppins',sans-serif; color: #273171; font-size: 25px; font-weight: 600; line-height: 1.3; margin: 34px 0 14px; padding: 4px 0 4px 30px; background: linear-gradient(to right, #ff512f 0px, #dd2476 5px, transparent 5px);\">FAQ<\/h2>\n<h3 style=\"font-family: 'Poppins',sans-serif; color: #273171; font-size: 20px; font-weight: 600; line-height: 1.4; margin: 22px 0 8px;\">Does casting weld repair reduce fatigue life?<\/h3>\n<p style=\"margin: 0 0 18px;\">It does. A repair joint mixes cast and weld microstructures and its fatigue strength is below parent metal. Wherever fatigue is specified \u2014 pump casings, lifting components, rail parts \u2014 the repair must sit outside high stress areas and carry written design acceptance. Sometimes <a style=\"color: #086ad4; text-decoration: none;\" href=\"https:\/\/chinametalfoundry.com\/de\/blog\/casting-vs-forging\/\" target=\"_blank\">switching to a forged part<\/a> costs less than repeatedly repairing iron castings.<\/p>\n<h3 style=\"font-family: 'Poppins',sans-serif; color: #273171; font-size: 20px; font-weight: 600; line-height: 1.4; margin: 22px 0 8px;\">Is weld repair allowed on pressure-containing steel castings?<\/h3>\n<p style=\"margin: 0 0 18px;\">Yes, with conditions: a qualified procedure, PT\/MT verification that the defect is fully removed, PWHT matched to the grade, and 100% RT\/UT of the repair zone. What is prohibited is <strong style=\"color: #273171;\">peening, plugging or impregnating to stop leaks<\/strong> (ASTM A216 wording). The same logic applies to <a style=\"color: #086ad4; text-decoration: none;\" href=\"https:\/\/chinametalfoundry.com\/de\/blog\/stainless-steel-investment-casting-grades\/\" target=\"_blank\">stainless steel casting grades<\/a>.<\/p>\n<h3 style=\"font-family: 'Poppins',sans-serif; color: #273171; font-size: 20px; font-weight: 600; line-height: 1.4; margin: 22px 0 8px;\">How deep can a defect go before repair becomes unsafe?<\/h3>\n<p style=\"margin: 0 0 18px;\">Two working limits cover most shops: excavation deeper than 20% of the local wall thickness, or removing more than 30% of the section area, triggers an engineering review rather than a welder\u2019s judgement. Put it in the order, otherwise the default behaviour is to gouge until nothing shows.<\/p>\n<h3 style=\"font-family: 'Poppins',sans-serif; color: #273171; font-size: 20px; font-weight: 600; line-height: 1.4; margin: 22px 0 8px;\">Why is my supplier\u2019s repair quote far below your cases?<\/h3>\n<p style=\"margin: 0 0 18px;\">Because items were removed. The totals above include WPS coverage, PWHT, 100% NDT and full records; a $200 \u201cweld-up\u201d usually buys one welder, a handful of rods and a handwritten note. Ask for a line-item repair quote \u2014 20\u201330% above these numbers is normal, double is worth questioning.<\/p>\n<h3 style=\"font-family: 'Poppins',sans-serif; color: #273171; font-size: 20px; font-weight: 600; line-height: 1.4; margin: 22px 0 8px;\">Which defects should never be repaired?<\/h3>\n<p style=\"margin: 0 0 18px;\">Three types: defects on sealing faces and in high-cycle load paths; dispersed porosity spread across the whole section \u2014 the reason <a style=\"color: #086ad4; text-decoration: none;\" href=\"https:\/\/chinametalfoundry.com\/de\/blog\/casting-simulation\/\" target=\"_blank\">solidification simulation<\/a> pays for itself; and recurring defects in an area already repaired twice. The full taxonomy is laid out in the <a style=\"color: #086ad4; text-decoration: none;\" href=\"https:\/\/chinametalfoundry.com\/de\/blog\/metal-casting-guide\/\" target=\"_blank\">metal casting guide<\/a>.<\/p>\n\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"section\" data-elementor-id=\"3550\" class=\"elementor elementor-3550\" data-elementor-post-type=\"elementor_library\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-19b1acf1 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"19b1acf1\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;,&quot;ekit_has_onepagescroll_dot&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-background-overlay\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-56e26ed6\" data-id=\"56e26ed6\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-52c3d00c elementor-widget elementor-widget-elementskit-heading\" data-id=\"52c3d00c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;ekit_we_effect_on&quot;:&quot;none&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"elementskit-heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"ekit-wid-con\" ><div class=\"ekit-heading elementskit-section-title-wraper text_left   ekit_heading_tablet-   ekit_heading_mobile-\"><h3 class=\"ekit-heading--title elementskit-section-title\">Suchen Sie eine zuverl\u00e4ssige Metallgie\u00dferei in China?<\/h3><\/div><\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-24c75aa0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"24c75aa0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;ekit_we_effect_on&quot;:&quot;none&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ul><li>Wir k\u00f6nnen Ihnen dabei helfen, das Produktdesign zu optimieren und Kosten zu sparen.<\/li><li>We can help you with high quality high volume cast parts.<\/li><li>Wir k\u00f6nnen p\u00fcnktlich liefern und uns mehr Absatzmarktchancen erschlie\u00dfen.<\/li><li>Sie werden vom Metallguss-Service von Supro MFG profitieren.<\/li><\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-51a20937 elementor-align-left elementor-widget elementor-widget-global elementor-global-1143 elementor-widget-button\" data-id=\"51a20937\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;ekit_we_effect_on&quot;:&quot;none&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"button.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-button-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-button elementor-button-link elementor-size-sm elementor-animation-grow\" href=\"https:\/\/chinametalfoundry.com\/de\/kontakt\/\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-content-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-text\">Fordern Sie ein werkssorientes Angebot an <\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\n<p class=\"sc-note\" style=\"font-size: 13px; color: #9a9a9a; margin: 28px 0 0;\">*Data referenced from AFS \/ SFSA \/ ASTM A488 &amp; A216 \/ AWS publications and Supro MFG shop-floor cost records.<\/p>\n<\/article>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Repair it or scrap it. Every casting buyer eventually faces that choice after a shrinkage cluster shows up on a [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":5,"featured_media":8131,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","ast-disable-related-posts":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"default","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"default","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"set","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"footnotes":""},"categories":[54],"tags":[47,50,49,42],"class_list":["post-8130","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-quality-processes","tag-casting-process","tag-casting-selection","tag-manufacturing-process","tag-metal-casting"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/chinametalfoundry.com\/de\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8130","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/chinametalfoundry.com\/de\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/chinametalfoundry.com\/de\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/chinametalfoundry.com\/de\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/5"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/chinametalfoundry.com\/de\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=8130"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/chinametalfoundry.com\/de\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8130\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":8145,"href":"https:\/\/chinametalfoundry.com\/de\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8130\/revisions\/8145"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/chinametalfoundry.com\/de\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/8131"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/chinametalfoundry.com\/de\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=8130"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/chinametalfoundry.com\/de\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=8130"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/chinametalfoundry.com\/de\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=8130"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}