{"id":7886,"date":"2026-10-08T03:19:44","date_gmt":"2026-10-08T03:19:44","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/chinametalfoundry.com\/?p=7886"},"modified":"2026-10-08T03:19:44","modified_gmt":"2026-10-08T03:19:44","slug":"bronze-casting","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/chinametalfoundry.com\/de\/blog\/bronze-casting\/","title":{"rendered":"Bronze Casting: Alloys, Processes and Where It Beats Brass and Steel"},"content":{"rendered":"<article class=\"sc-article\" style=\"max-width: 820px; margin: 0 auto; font-family: 'Poppins',sans-serif; color: #7e7e7e; font-size: 16px; line-height: 1.7;\">\n<div class=\"sc-intro\" style=\"background: #F5F5F5; border-radius: 20px; padding: 22px 24px; font-style: italic; color: #3a3a3a; margin: 0 0 26px; line-height: 1.6;\">\n<p style=\"margin: 0;\">Most buying teams meet <strong style=\"color: #273171;\">bronze casting<\/strong> the same way: a stainless shaft keeps galling, a cast iron bushing keeps scoring, or a valve body keeps pitting in seawater. Bronze solves all three \u2014 and it is also the most expensive per kilogram of any common casting alloy, so every kilogram you specify has to earn its place.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p style=\"margin: 0 0 18px;\">This guide is written for engineers and purchasers who already know they need copper-base bronze casting and now have to pick a grade, a process and a supplier. It uses real shop-floor numbers: pouring temperatures, shrinkage allowances, PV duty limits, a full cost model with a break-even volume, and the lead-content rule that quietly disqualifies the most popular bearing bronze in Europe. Wherever we quote a standard, it is traceable to ASTM or to published data from the <a style=\"color: #086ad4; text-decoration: none;\" href=\"https:\/\/www.copper.org\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Copper Development Association<\/a> and the <a style=\"color: #086ad4; text-decoration: none;\" href=\"https:\/\/www.afsinc.org\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">American Foundry Society<\/a>. For the wider process picture, start with our <a style=\"color: #086ad4; text-decoration: none;\" href=\"https:\/\/chinametalfoundry.com\/de\/blog\/metal-casting-guide\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">metal casting guide<\/a>.<\/p>\n<figure style=\"margin: 24px 0;\"><img decoding=\"async\" style=\"width: 100%; display: block; border-radius: 4px;\" src=\"https:\/\/chinametalfoundry.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/p223-bronze-2-blank-vs-finished.webp\" alt=\"bronze casting finished parts versus raw cast bronze blanks on a workbench\" \/><figcaption style=\"font-size: 13px; color: #7e7e7e; text-align: center; margin-top: 8px;\">As-cast bronze blanks next to finished machined parts \u2014 the gap between the two is what you pay for.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<h2 style=\"font-family: 'Poppins',sans-serif; color: #273171; font-size: 25px; font-weight: 600; line-height: 1.3; margin: 34px 0 14px; padding: 4px 0 4px 30px; background: linear-gradient(to right, #ff512f 0px, #dd2476 5px, transparent 5px);\">What Bronze Casting Actually Covers<\/h2>\n<p style=\"margin: 0 0 18px;\">In a foundry, &#8220;bronze&#8221; is a family name, not one alloy. Ask three suppliers for a bronze casting and you may get three completely different materials, all correctly labelled. Getting the family right is the first decision, because it sets the melting practice, the shrinkage allowance, the machining allowance and the price.<\/p>\n<ul style=\"margin: 0 0 18px; padding-left: 22px;\">\n<li style=\"margin: 0 0 8px;\"><strong style=\"color: #273171;\">Tin bronze (Cu-Sn).<\/strong> The true bronzes: C93200 bearing bronze and C83600 red brass. Wide freezing range, low shrinkage, superb machinability when leaded. Covered by <a style=\"color: #086ad4; text-decoration: none;\" href=\"https:\/\/www.astm.org\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">ASTM<\/a> B584 for sand castings.<\/li>\n<li style=\"margin: 0 0 8px;\"><strong style=\"color: #273171;\">Aluminium bronze (Cu-Al-Fe \/ Cu-Al-Ni-Fe).<\/strong> C95400 and C95500. High strength, outstanding seawater corrosion resistance, and the highest shrinkage in the family. Covered by ASTM B148.<\/li>\n<li style=\"margin: 0 0 8px;\"><strong style=\"color: #273171;\">Manganese bronze.<\/strong> C86300. Despite the name it is a high-strength yellow brass, Cu-Zn-Mn-Fe-Al. Buyers pick it for strength, not for bearing duty.<\/li>\n<li style=\"margin: 0 0 8px;\"><strong style=\"color: #273171;\">Silicon bronze \/ lead-free grades.<\/strong> C87850 and the bismuth-tin grades such as C89844. Chosen when RoHS or potable-water rules rule out lead.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"margin: 0 0 18px;\">Because the families behave so differently during solidification, there is no single &#8220;bronze&#8221; shrinkage allowance or gating rule. A shop that pours C95400 the way it pours C93200 will produce scrap \u2014 the aluminium bronze needs roughly 50% more feed metal. That feeding topic is covered in depth in our <a style=\"color: #086ad4; text-decoration: none;\" href=\"https:\/\/chinametalfoundry.com\/de\/blog\/casting-riser-design\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">casting riser design<\/a> article.<\/p>\n<h2 style=\"font-family: 'Poppins',sans-serif; color: #273171; font-size: 25px; font-weight: 600; line-height: 1.3; margin: 34px 0 14px; padding: 4px 0 4px 30px; background: linear-gradient(to right, #ff512f 0px, #dd2476 5px, transparent 5px);\">Bronze Casting Alloys Compared<\/h2>\n<p style=\"margin: 0 0 18px;\">The table below lists the five grades that cover the large majority of industrial bronze casting orders, with typical as-cast properties and the duty each one is actually bought for.<\/p>\n<table style=\"width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; margin: 18px 0 24px; font-size: 15px; color: #333333;\">\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th style=\"background: #273171; color: #ffffff; padding: 12px 14px; text-align: left; font-weight: 600; border: 1px solid #273171;\">Grade<\/th>\n<th style=\"background: #273171; color: #ffffff; padding: 12px 14px; text-align: left; font-weight: 600; border: 1px solid #273171;\">Nominal composition<\/th>\n<th style=\"background: #273171; color: #ffffff; padding: 12px 14px; text-align: left; font-weight: 600; border: 1px solid #273171;\">Tensile \/ yield (MPa)<\/th>\n<th style=\"background: #273171; color: #ffffff; padding: 12px 14px; text-align: left; font-weight: 600; border: 1px solid #273171;\">Elong. \/ hardness<\/th>\n<th style=\"background: #273171; color: #ffffff; padding: 12px 14px; text-align: left; font-weight: 600; border: 1px solid #273171;\">Typical duty<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #E5E5E5; padding: 10px 14px;\">C93200 (SAE 660)<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #E5E5E5; padding: 10px 14px;\">Cu 83 \/ Sn 7 \/ Pb 7 \/ Zn 3<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #E5E5E5; padding: 10px 14px;\">241 \/ 124<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #E5E5E5; padding: 10px 14px;\">10\u201320% \/ 65 HB<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #E5E5E5; padding: 10px 14px;\">Bearings, bushings, thrust washers<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"background: #F5F5F5;\">\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #E5E5E5; padding: 10px 14px;\">C83600 (85-5-5-5)<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #E5E5E5; padding: 10px 14px;\">Cu 85 \/ Sn 5 \/ Pb 5 \/ Zn 5<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #E5E5E5; padding: 10px 14px;\">255 \/ 117<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #E5E5E5; padding: 10px 14px;\">25\u201335% \/ 60 HB<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #E5E5E5; padding: 10px 14px;\">Pump bodies, valve bodies, flanges<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #E5E5E5; padding: 10px 14px;\">C95400 (Al bronze)<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #E5E5E5; padding: 10px 14px;\">Cu 85 \/ Al 11 \/ Fe 4<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #E5E5E5; padding: 10px 14px;\">586 \/ 221<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #E5E5E5; padding: 10px 14px;\">12\u201318% \/ 170 HB<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #E5E5E5; padding: 10px 14px;\">Worm gears, valve seats, marine hardware<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"background: #F5F5F5;\">\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #E5E5E5; padding: 10px 14px;\">C95500 (Ni-Al bronze)<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #E5E5E5; padding: 10px 14px;\">Cu 81 \/ Al 11 \/ Ni 5 \/ Fe 4<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #E5E5E5; padding: 10px 14px;\">655\u2013760 \/ 310\u2013380<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #E5E5E5; padding: 10px 14px;\">8\u201312% \/ 190\u2013210 HB<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #E5E5E5; padding: 10px 14px;\">Landing gear parts, high-load gears<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #E5E5E5; padding: 10px 14px;\">C86300 (Mn bronze)<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #E5E5E5; padding: 10px 14px;\">Cu 63 \/ Zn 25 \/ Mn 3 \/ Fe 3 \/ Al 6<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #E5E5E5; padding: 10px 14px;\">760\u2013830 \/ 400\u2013480<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #E5E5E5; padding: 10px 14px;\">12\u201318% \/ 200\u2013250 HB<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #E5E5E5; padding: 10px 14px;\">Hydraulic cylinder parts, large gears<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p style=\"margin: 0 0 18px;\">Note the pattern: the bearing grade has the lowest strength in the list. That is deliberate. Leaded tin bronze is soft so that it embeds dirt, conforms to shaft misalignment and never seizes against steel. If you specify C95500 for a bushing simply because it is &#8220;stronger&#8221;, you will usually shorten the life of the shaft instead. For a structured way to work through that trade-off, see <a style=\"color: #086ad4; text-decoration: none;\" href=\"https:\/\/chinametalfoundry.com\/de\/blog\/how-to-choose-casting-alloy\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">how to choose a casting alloy<\/a>.<\/p>\n<h2 style=\"font-family: 'Poppins',sans-serif; color: #273171; font-size: 25px; font-weight: 600; line-height: 1.3; margin: 34px 0 14px; padding: 4px 0 4px 30px; background: linear-gradient(to right, #ff512f 0px, #dd2476 5px, transparent 5px);\">Bronze Casting Processes: Which One Fits the Shape<\/h2>\n<p style=\"margin: 0 0 18px;\">The alloy choice narrows the process choice, but shape and volume decide it. Four routes handle nearly all commercial bronze work.<\/p>\n<h3 style=\"font-family: 'Poppins',sans-serif; color: #273171; font-size: 20px; font-weight: 600; line-height: 1.4; margin: 26px 0 8px; text-transform: capitalize;\">Sandguss<\/h3>\n<hr style=\"width: 100px; height: 4px; background: #EF890D; border: none; border-radius: 2px; margin: 0 0 14px; line-height: 0; opacity: 1;\" \/>\n<p style=\"margin: 0 0 18px;\">The default bronze casting route for pump bodies, valve bodies and anything with a one-off geometry. Tooling is a pattern, not a die, so entry cost stays low. Pour roughly 1,090\u20131,150 \u00b0C for tin bronze and 1,180\u20131,250 \u00b0C for aluminium bronze. See our <a style=\"color: #086ad4; text-decoration: none;\" href=\"https:\/\/chinametalfoundry.com\/de\/sandguss\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">sand casting service<\/a> for the sizes we run, and <a style=\"color: #086ad4; text-decoration: none;\" href=\"https:\/\/chinametalfoundry.com\/de\/blog\/sand-casting-vs-investment-casting\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">sand casting vs investment casting<\/a> for the accuracy trade-off.<\/p>\n<h3 style=\"font-family: 'Poppins',sans-serif; color: #273171; font-size: 20px; font-weight: 600; line-height: 1.4; margin: 26px 0 8px; text-transform: capitalize;\">Centrifugal casting<\/h3>\n<hr style=\"width: 100px; height: 4px; background: #EF890D; border: none; border-radius: 2px; margin: 0 0 14px; line-height: 0; opacity: 1;\" \/>\n<p style=\"margin: 0 0 18px;\">The standard route for bushings, sleeves and bearing rings. Rotating the mould throws the dense metal to the wall and pushes oxides and dross to the bore, where they are machined away. Density runs measurably higher than a static casting, and you get a hollow shape with no core. Our <a style=\"color: #086ad4; text-decoration: none;\" href=\"https:\/\/chinametalfoundry.com\/de\/blog\/centrifugal-casting\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">centrifugal casting<\/a> article works through the G-factor and the tolerance window.<\/p>\n<h3 style=\"font-family: 'Poppins',sans-serif; color: #273171; font-size: 20px; font-weight: 600; line-height: 1.4; margin: 26px 0 8px; text-transform: capitalize;\">Continuous and permanent mould casting<\/h3>\n<hr style=\"width: 100px; height: 4px; background: #EF890D; border: none; border-radius: 2px; margin: 0 0 14px; line-height: 0; opacity: 1;\" \/>\n<p style=\"margin: 0 0 18px;\">Continuous bronze casting to ASTM B505 produces bar, tube and solid rounds with a fine, uniform structure \u2014 the feedstock most machine shops buy when they turn bushings from stock instead of casting them. When volumes justify a reusable metal mould, <a style=\"color: #086ad4; text-decoration: none;\" href=\"https:\/\/chinametalfoundry.com\/de\/blog\/permanent-mold-casting\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">permanent mould casting<\/a> gives a tighter tolerance and a faster cycle than sand.<\/p>\n<h3 style=\"font-family: 'Poppins',sans-serif; color: #273171; font-size: 20px; font-weight: 600; line-height: 1.4; margin: 26px 0 8px; text-transform: capitalize;\">Feinguss<\/h3>\n<hr style=\"width: 100px; height: 4px; background: #EF890D; border: none; border-radius: 2px; margin: 0 0 14px; line-height: 0; opacity: 1;\" \/>\n<p style=\"margin: 0 0 18px;\">Used when a bronze casting has detail a sand mould cannot reproduce \u2014 impeller blades, thin ribs, cast-in lettering. Cost per kilogram is the highest of the four, so it earns its place through reduced machining rather than through material savings. Details on our <a style=\"color: #086ad4; text-decoration: none;\" href=\"https:\/\/chinametalfoundry.com\/de\/feinguss\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Feinguss<\/a> und <a style=\"color: #086ad4; text-decoration: none;\" href=\"https:\/\/chinametalfoundry.com\/de\/lost-wax-casting-services\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">lost wax casting<\/a> lines.<\/p>\n<figure style=\"margin: 24px 0;\"><img decoding=\"async\" style=\"width: 100%; display: block; border-radius: 4px;\" src=\"https:\/\/chinametalfoundry.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/p223-bronze-3-pouring.webp\" alt=\"bronze casting pouring molten bronze into a sand mould in a foundry\" \/><figcaption style=\"font-size: 13px; color: #7e7e7e; text-align: center; margin-top: 8px;\">Pouring bronze into a sand mould \u2014 oxide control at this step decides how much of the part ends up as swarf.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<h2 style=\"font-family: 'Poppins',sans-serif; color: #273171; font-size: 25px; font-weight: 600; line-height: 1.3; margin: 34px 0 14px; padding: 4px 0 4px 30px; background: linear-gradient(to right, #ff512f 0px, #dd2476 5px, transparent 5px);\">Bronze Casting vs Brass vs Cast Iron vs Cast Steel<\/h2>\n<p style=\"margin: 0 0 18px;\">Bronze is rarely chosen because it is cheap. It is chosen because nothing else survives the duty. This comparison is the one we use in RFQ reviews.<\/p>\n<table style=\"width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; margin: 18px 0 24px; font-size: 15px; color: #333333;\">\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th style=\"background: #273171; color: #ffffff; padding: 12px 14px; text-align: left; font-weight: 600; border: 1px solid #273171;\">Factor<\/th>\n<th style=\"background: #273171; color: #ffffff; padding: 12px 14px; text-align: left; font-weight: 600; border: 1px solid #273171;\">Bronze<\/th>\n<th style=\"background: #273171; color: #ffffff; padding: 12px 14px; text-align: left; font-weight: 600; border: 1px solid #273171;\">Brass<\/th>\n<th style=\"background: #273171; color: #ffffff; padding: 12px 14px; text-align: left; font-weight: 600; border: 1px solid #273171;\">Gray iron<\/th>\n<th style=\"background: #273171; color: #ffffff; padding: 12px 14px; text-align: left; font-weight: 600; border: 1px solid #273171;\">Cast steel<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #E5E5E5; padding: 10px 14px;\">Density (g\/cm\u00b3)<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #E5E5E5; padding: 10px 14px;\">8.9<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #E5E5E5; padding: 10px 14px;\">8.4<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #E5E5E5; padding: 10px 14px;\">7.2<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #E5E5E5; padding: 10px 14px;\">7.85<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"background: #F5F5F5;\">\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #E5E5E5; padding: 10px 14px;\">Tensile range (MPa)<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #E5E5E5; padding: 10px 14px;\">241\u2013830<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #E5E5E5; padding: 10px 14px;\">340\u2013620<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #E5E5E5; padding: 10px 14px;\">200\u2013300<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #E5E5E5; padding: 10px 14px;\">485\u2013620<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #E5E5E5; padding: 10px 14px;\">Galling against steel shaft<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #E5E5E5; padding: 10px 14px;\">Excellent<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #E5E5E5; padding: 10px 14px;\">Poor<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #E5E5E5; padding: 10px 14px;\">Poor<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #E5E5E5; padding: 10px 14px;\">Poor<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"background: #F5F5F5;\">\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #E5E5E5; padding: 10px 14px;\">Seawater corrosion<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #E5E5E5; padding: 10px 14px;\">Excellent (Al bronze)<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #E5E5E5; padding: 10px 14px;\">Fair, dezincification risk<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #E5E5E5; padding: 10px 14px;\">Poor<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #E5E5E5; padding: 10px 14px;\">Poor<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #E5E5E5; padding: 10px 14px;\">Machinability<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #E5E5E5; padding: 10px 14px;\">Excellent when leaded<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #E5E5E5; padding: 10px 14px;\">Good<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #E5E5E5; padding: 10px 14px;\">Good<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #E5E5E5; padding: 10px 14px;\">Fair<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"background: #F5F5F5;\">\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #E5E5E5; padding: 10px 14px;\">Raw metal cost (USD\/kg)<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #E5E5E5; padding: 10px 14px;\">9\u201316<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #E5E5E5; padding: 10px 14px;\">7\u201311<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #E5E5E5; padding: 10px 14px;\">1.2\u20132.0<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #E5E5E5; padding: 10px 14px;\">2.0\u20133.5<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p style=\"margin: 0 0 18px;\">Read the last row carefully: bronze feedstock costs roughly <strong style=\"color: #273171;\">five to seven times<\/strong> what gray iron costs per kilogram. That is exactly why the economics below matter so much \u2014 the winning move is almost always to cast closer to net shape and buy less metal, not to switch to a cheaper alloy. See <a style=\"color: #086ad4; text-decoration: none;\" href=\"https:\/\/chinametalfoundry.com\/de\/blog\/cast-iron-vs-cast-steel\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">cast iron vs cast steel<\/a> und <a style=\"color: #086ad4; text-decoration: none;\" href=\"https:\/\/chinametalfoundry.com\/de\/blog\/aluminum-casting-alloys-a356-vs-a380\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">aluminium casting alloys compared<\/a> for the neighbouring comparisons.<\/p>\n<h2 style=\"font-family: 'Poppins',sans-serif; color: #273171; font-size: 25px; font-weight: 600; line-height: 1.3; margin: 34px 0 14px; padding: 4px 0 4px 30px; background: linear-gradient(to right, #ff512f 0px, #dd2476 5px, transparent 5px);\">Bronze Casting Shrinkage, Machining Allowance and Tolerances<\/h2>\n<p style=\"margin: 0 0 18px;\">These are the three numbers that decide whether a bronze casting machines clean or becomes scrap at the last operation.<\/p>\n<table style=\"width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; margin: 18px 0 24px; font-size: 15px; color: #333333;\">\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th style=\"background: #273171; color: #ffffff; padding: 12px 14px; text-align: left; font-weight: 600; border: 1px solid #273171;\">Alloy family<\/th>\n<th style=\"background: #273171; color: #ffffff; padding: 12px 14px; text-align: left; font-weight: 600; border: 1px solid #273171;\">Pattern shrinkage allowance<\/th>\n<th style=\"background: #273171; color: #ffffff; padding: 12px 14px; text-align: left; font-weight: 600; border: 1px solid #273171;\">Feeding behaviour<\/th>\n<th style=\"background: #273171; color: #ffffff; padding: 12px 14px; text-align: left; font-weight: 600; border: 1px solid #273171;\">Pouring temperature<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #E5E5E5; padding: 10px 14px;\">Leaded tin bronze<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #E5E5E5; padding: 10px 14px;\">1.5% (15 mm\/m)<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #E5E5E5; padding: 10px 14px;\">Wide freezing range, forgiving<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #E5E5E5; padding: 10px 14px;\">1,090\u20131,150 \u00b0C<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"background: #F5F5F5;\">\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #E5E5E5; padding: 10px 14px;\">Aluminium bronze<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #E5E5E5; padding: 10px 14px;\">2.0\u20132.5% (20\u201325 mm\/m)<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #E5E5E5; padding: 10px 14px;\">High volume shrinkage, needs large risers<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #E5E5E5; padding: 10px 14px;\">1,180\u20131,250 \u00b0C<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #E5E5E5; padding: 10px 14px;\">Manganese bronze<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #E5E5E5; padding: 10px 14px;\">2.0% (20 mm\/m)<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #E5E5E5; padding: 10px 14px;\">Moderate, but zinc fumes need capture<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #E5E5E5; padding: 10px 14px;\">1,050\u20131,120 \u00b0C<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"background: #F5F5F5;\">\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #E5E5E5; padding: 10px 14px;\">Silicon bronze<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #E5E5E5; padding: 10px 14px;\">1.8% (18 mm\/m)<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #E5E5E5; padding: 10px 14px;\">Good fluidity, thin walls fill well<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #E5E5E5; padding: 10px 14px;\">1,100\u20131,180 \u00b0C<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p style=\"margin: 0 0 18px;\">For machining allowance, the practical rule on sand cast bronze under 200 mm is <strong style=\"color: #273171;\">3 mm on each machined surface<\/strong>, rising to 4\u20135 mm above 300 mm, plus 2 mm on parting-line faces. Centrifugal tube typically needs 2\u20133 mm on the bore and 2 mm on the OD because the dross band sits at the bore.<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin: 0 0 18px;\">On dimensional capability, sand cast bronze typically lands in ISO 8062 DCTG 11\u201313 and centrifugal or permanent mould work reaches DCTG 9\u201311. The full grading system is explained in our <a style=\"color: #086ad4; text-decoration: none;\" href=\"https:\/\/chinametalfoundry.com\/de\/blog\/casting-tolerances-guide\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">casting tolerances guide<\/a>; the machining side of that same trade-off is covered in <a style=\"color: #086ad4; text-decoration: none;\" href=\"https:\/\/chinametalfoundry.com\/de\/blog\/cnc-machining-vs-casting\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">CNC machining vs casting<\/a>.<\/p>\n<h2 style=\"font-family: 'Poppins',sans-serif; color: #273171; font-size: 25px; font-weight: 600; line-height: 1.3; margin: 34px 0 14px; padding: 4px 0 4px 30px; background: linear-gradient(to right, #ff512f 0px, #dd2476 5px, transparent 5px);\">Bearing Duty: Running the PV Number Before You Order<\/h2>\n<p style=\"margin: 0 0 18px;\">Bronze bushings fail from heat, not from load. The standard screening calculation is PV \u2014 contact pressure times sliding velocity. Here is a real example worked end to end.<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin: 0 0 18px;\">A C93200 bushing, finished bore 140 mm, length 120 mm, radial load 12 kN, shaft speed 200 rpm.<\/p>\n<ul style=\"margin: 0 0 18px; padding-left: 22px;\">\n<li style=\"margin: 0 0 8px;\">Projected bearing area = bore \u00d7 length = 140 mm \u00d7 120 mm = <strong style=\"color: #273171;\">16,800 mm\u00b2<\/strong>.<\/li>\n<li style=\"margin: 0 0 8px;\">Pressure P = 12,000 N \u00f7 16,800 mm\u00b2 = <strong style=\"color: #273171;\">0.71 MPa<\/strong>.<\/li>\n<li style=\"margin: 0 0 8px;\">Sliding velocity v = \u03c0 \u00d7 0.140 m \u00d7 200 \u00f7 60 = <strong style=\"color: #273171;\">1.47 m\/s<\/strong>.<\/li>\n<li style=\"margin: 0 0 8px;\">PV = 0.71 \u00d7 1.47 = <strong style=\"color: #273171;\">1.05 MPa\u00b7m\/s<\/strong>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"margin: 0 0 18px;\">C93200 is commonly rated near 2.6 MPa\u00b7m\/s, so this design sits at about 40% of the limit and will run cool. Now raise the speed to 500 rpm: v becomes 3.67 m\/s and PV becomes 0.71 \u00d7 3.67 = <strong style=\"color: #273171;\">2.62 MPa\u00b7m\/s<\/strong> \u2014 right on the ceiling. The cheapest fix is not a different alloy. Lengthening the bushing to 150 mm drops P to 12,000 \u00f7 21,000 = 0.57 MPa and PV to 2.09 MPa\u00b7m\/s, back inside the window, for a few grams more bronze per part. That is the kind of change you want to make on paper, not after the first failure report.<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin: 0 0 18px;\">Where PV genuinely cannot be brought down, move to C95500 nickel aluminium bronze \u2014 but budget for a hardened shaft of at least 300 HB and for full-film lubrication, because the harder bearing will no longer sacrifice itself to protect the shaft.<\/p>\n<h2 style=\"font-family: 'Poppins',sans-serif; color: #273171; font-size: 25px; font-weight: 600; line-height: 1.3; margin: 34px 0 14px; padding: 4px 0 4px 30px; background: linear-gradient(to right, #ff512f 0px, #dd2476 5px, transparent 5px);\">What Bronze Casting Costs, and Where It Breaks Even<\/h2>\n<p style=\"margin: 0 0 18px;\">The decision most buyers actually face is not bronze versus iron. It is cast-and-machine versus buy-bar-and-machine. Here is the arithmetic on the same bushing, in C93200, annual demand 60 pieces.<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin: 0 0 18px;\">Finished part: OD 180 mm, ID 140 mm, length 120 mm. Volume = \u03c0\/4 \u00d7 (180\u00b2 \u2212 140\u00b2) \u00d7 120 = <strong style=\"color: #273171;\">1,206 cm\u00b3<\/strong>, so at 8.9 g\/cm\u00b3 the finished mass is <strong style=\"color: #273171;\">10.7 kg<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<table style=\"width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; margin: 18px 0 24px; font-size: 15px; color: #333333;\">\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th style=\"background: #273171; color: #ffffff; padding: 12px 14px; text-align: left; font-weight: 600; border: 1px solid #273171;\">Line item<\/th>\n<th style=\"background: #273171; color: #ffffff; padding: 12px 14px; text-align: left; font-weight: 600; border: 1px solid #273171;\">Route A: sand cast + machine<\/th>\n<th style=\"background: #273171; color: #ffffff; padding: 12px 14px; text-align: left; font-weight: 600; border: 1px solid #273171;\">Route B: machine from bar\/tube<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #E5E5E5; padding: 10px 14px;\">Purchased weight<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #E5E5E5; padding: 10px 14px;\">14.3 kg casting<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #E5E5E5; padding: 10px 14px;\">16.8 kg tube stock<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"background: #F5F5F5;\">\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #E5E5E5; padding: 10px 14px;\">Metal removed<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #E5E5E5; padding: 10px 14px;\">3.6 kg (25%)<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #E5E5E5; padding: 10px 14px;\">6.1 kg (36%)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #E5E5E5; padding: 10px 14px;\">Metal cost<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #E5E5E5; padding: 10px 14px;\">14.3 kg \u00d7 $15.80 = $226<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #E5E5E5; padding: 10px 14px;\">16.8 kg \u00d7 $13.40 = $225<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"background: #F5F5F5;\">\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #E5E5E5; padding: 10px 14px;\">Machine time @ $85\/h<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #E5E5E5; padding: 10px 14px;\">1.4 h \u2192 $119<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #E5E5E5; padding: 10px 14px;\">2.6 h \u2192 $221<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #E5E5E5; padding: 10px 14px;\">Piece cost<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #E5E5E5; padding: 10px 14px;\"><strong>$345<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #E5E5E5; padding: 10px 14px;\"><strong>$446<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p style=\"margin: 0 0 18px;\">Route A saves $101 per piece and needs a pattern at about $1,850. Break-even is 1,850 \u00f7 101 = <strong style=\"color: #273171;\">19 pieces<\/strong>. At 60 pieces a year that is $6,060 saved in year one, or $4,210 net after the pattern.<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin: 0 0 18px;\">Two things flip the answer. Below about 19 pieces, machining from stock is cheaper and faster to start. And if the geometry is a plain cylinder, centrifugal casting beats sand casting again, because it removes the dross band and cuts the purchased weight further. The general cost drivers behind these numbers are broken down in <a style=\"color: #086ad4; text-decoration: none;\" href=\"https:\/\/chinametalfoundry.com\/de\/blog\/casting-cost-breakdown\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">what drives casting cost<\/a>. Tooling for the pattern itself is described under <a style=\"color: #086ad4; text-decoration: none;\" href=\"https:\/\/chinametalfoundry.com\/de\/casting-molds-making\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">casting mould making<\/a>, and the machining is quoted through <a style=\"color: #086ad4; text-decoration: none;\" href=\"https:\/\/chinametalfoundry.com\/de\/cnc-machining-services\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">CNC machining services<\/a>.<\/p>\n<h2 style=\"font-family: 'Poppins',sans-serif; color: #273171; font-size: 25px; font-weight: 600; line-height: 1.3; margin: 34px 0 14px; padding: 4px 0 4px 30px; background: linear-gradient(to right, #ff512f 0px, #dd2476 5px, transparent 5px);\">The Lead Rule That Disqualifies the Most Popular Bronze<\/h2>\n<p style=\"margin: 0 0 18px;\">C93200 carries roughly 6.3\u20137.5% lead. That lead is what makes it machine beautifully and what makes it forgiving in a bearing. It is also the reason the grade cannot be used in a lot of products sold in Europe.<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin: 0 0 18px;\">The EU RoHS exemption for copper alloys allows up to <strong style=\"color: #273171;\">4% lead by weight<\/strong>. At 7% nominal, C93200 is out. The same pressure comes from potable-water rules, where lead-leaching limits have pushed fittings away from the traditional 85-5-5-5 grades.<\/p>\n<ul style=\"margin: 0 0 18px; padding-left: 22px;\">\n<li style=\"margin: 0 0 8px;\"><strong style=\"color: #273171;\">C89844 (bismuth-tin).<\/strong> The closest drop-in for bearing and bushing duty with lead held to a trace level.<\/li>\n<li style=\"margin: 0 0 8px;\"><strong style=\"color: #273171;\">C87850 (silicon bronze).<\/strong> Lead-free, good fluidity, widely used for plumbing and marine fittings.<\/li>\n<li style=\"margin: 0 0 8px;\"><strong style=\"color: #273171;\">C95400 \/ C95500.<\/strong> Naturally lead-free and already the default for structural and marine bronze casting.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"margin: 0 0 18px;\">Say which rule applies in the RFQ. A foundry pouring to a drawing that only says &#8220;bronze&#8221; will default to the leaded grade, and you will find out at customs or at audit. Our <a style=\"color: #086ad4; text-decoration: none;\" href=\"https:\/\/chinametalfoundry.com\/de\/losungen\/kupferguss\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Kupferguss<\/a> line covers both leaded and lead-free grades, and <a style=\"color: #086ad4; text-decoration: none;\" href=\"https:\/\/chinametalfoundry.com\/de\/blog\/copper-casting-copper-vs-copper-alloys\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">copper vs copper alloys<\/a> explains where the composition lines sit.<\/p>\n<h2 style=\"font-family: 'Poppins',sans-serif; color: #273171; font-size: 25px; font-weight: 600; line-height: 1.3; margin: 34px 0 14px; padding: 4px 0 4px 30px; background: linear-gradient(to right, #ff512f 0px, #dd2476 5px, transparent 5px);\">Common Bronze Casting Defects and Their Root Causes<\/h2>\n<p style=\"margin: 0 0 18px;\">Bronze casting has a few failure modes that do not appear in aluminium or iron. Knowing them saves a round of sampling.<\/p>\n<table style=\"width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; margin: 18px 0 24px; font-size: 15px; color: #333333;\">\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th style=\"background: #273171; color: #ffffff; padding: 12px 14px; text-align: left; font-weight: 600; border: 1px solid #273171;\">Defect<\/th>\n<th style=\"background: #273171; color: #ffffff; padding: 12px 14px; text-align: left; font-weight: 600; border: 1px solid #273171;\">Root cause<\/th>\n<th style=\"background: #273171; color: #ffffff; padding: 12px 14px; text-align: left; font-weight: 600; border: 1px solid #273171;\">Practical fix<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #E5E5E5; padding: 10px 14px;\">Tin sweat (surface beads)<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #E5E5E5; padding: 10px 14px;\">Tin-rich low-melting phase pushed to the surface during slow solidification<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #E5E5E5; padding: 10px 14px;\">Faster cooling, chills, hold Sn at the low end of the range<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"background: #F5F5F5;\">\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #E5E5E5; padding: 10px 14px;\">Gas porosity<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #E5E5E5; padding: 10px 14px;\">Hydrogen picked up from moisture or overheating<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #E5E5E5; padding: 10px 14px;\">Melt under cover, degas, deoxidise with P-Cu to 0.03\u20130.05% residual P<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #E5E5E5; padding: 10px 14px;\">Lead segregation<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #E5E5E5; padding: 10px 14px;\">Lead is insoluble and dense; it settles during slow cooling<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #E5E5E5; padding: 10px 14px;\">Stir before pouring, chill heavy sections, keep sections uniform<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"background: #F5F5F5;\">\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #E5E5E5; padding: 10px 14px;\">Oxide \/ dross inclusion<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #E5E5E5; padding: 10px 14px;\">Al\u2082O\u2083 skin on aluminium bronze torn into the stream<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #E5E5E5; padding: 10px 14px;\">Bottom-pour ladle, ceramic foam filter, quiet fill, no turbulence<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #E5E5E5; padding: 10px 14px;\">Misrun \/ cold shut<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #E5E5E5; padding: 10px 14px;\">Thin walls, low superheat, oxide film blocking flow<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #E5E5E5; padding: 10px 14px;\">Raise pouring temperature, shorten fill time, add flow-offs<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p style=\"margin: 0 0 18px;\">The oxide point deserves emphasis on aluminium bronze: the Al\u2082O\u2083 film reforms instantly every time the stream is broken. Almost every scrap aluminium bronze part we have seen was a gating problem, not a melting problem. More on the general defect vocabulary in <a style=\"color: #086ad4; text-decoration: none;\" href=\"https:\/\/chinametalfoundry.com\/de\/blog\/haufige-gussfehler-und-wie-man-sie-vermeidet\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">common casting defects<\/a>, and on verification in <a style=\"color: #086ad4; text-decoration: none;\" href=\"https:\/\/chinametalfoundry.com\/de\/blog\/casting-inspection-methods\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">casting inspection methods<\/a>.<\/p>\n<h2 style=\"font-family: 'Poppins',sans-serif; color: #273171; font-size: 25px; font-weight: 600; line-height: 1.3; margin: 34px 0 14px; padding: 4px 0 4px 30px; background: linear-gradient(to right, #ff512f 0px, #dd2476 5px, transparent 5px);\">How to Specify a Bronze Casting in an RFQ<\/h2>\n<p style=\"margin: 0 0 18px;\">A purchase order that says &#8220;bronze bushing, machine to drawing&#8221; will get you a quotation, but not necessarily a part you can use. Send this instead:<\/p>\n<ul style=\"margin: 0 0 18px; padding-left: 22px;\">\n<li style=\"margin: 0 0 8px;\"><strong style=\"color: #273171;\">UNS grade and ASTM specification.<\/strong> C93200 to ASTM B584, C95400 to ASTM B148, centrifugal work to ASTM B271, bar stock to ASTM B505.<\/li>\n<li style=\"margin: 0 0 8px;\"><strong style=\"color: #273171;\">Process.<\/strong> Sand, centrifugal, permanent mould or investment \u2014 this drives tolerance and surface condition.<\/li>\n<li style=\"margin: 0 0 8px;\"><strong style=\"color: #273171;\">Compliance rule.<\/strong> RoHS, potable-water or neither. This decides whether leaded bronze is even legal.<\/li>\n<li style=\"margin: 0 0 8px;\"><strong style=\"color: #273171;\">Duty data for bearings.<\/strong> Load, speed and shaft hardness, so PV can be checked before tooling is cut.<\/li>\n<li style=\"margin: 0 0 8px;\"><strong style=\"color: #273171;\">Annual volume.<\/strong> It decides tooling spend, and it is the single biggest lever on piece price.<\/li>\n<li style=\"margin: 0 0 8px;\"><strong style=\"color: #273171;\">Inspection and certification.<\/strong> Chemistry report, tensile test bar results, PT or UT where required, and any heat treatment such as stress relief \u2014 see <a style=\"color: #086ad4; text-decoration: none;\" href=\"https:\/\/chinametalfoundry.com\/de\/blog\/casting-heat-treatment\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">heat treatment for castings<\/a>.<\/li>\n<li style=\"margin: 0 0 8px;\"><strong style=\"color: #273171;\">Finish.<\/strong> As-cast, blasted, machined, or a specified coating \u2014 see <a style=\"color: #086ad4; text-decoration: none;\" href=\"https:\/\/chinametalfoundry.com\/de\/surface-treatment-services\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">surface treatment services<\/a>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"margin: 0 0 18px;\">If you are still at prototype stage, a small run through <a style=\"color: #086ad4; text-decoration: none;\" href=\"https:\/\/chinametalfoundry.com\/de\/metal-prototype-casting-services\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">metal prototype casting<\/a> is usually cheaper than committing to production tooling on a grade you have not tested. Typical applications cluster in <a style=\"color: #086ad4; text-decoration: none;\" href=\"https:\/\/chinametalfoundry.com\/de\/valve-casting\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">valve casting<\/a>, <a style=\"color: #086ad4; text-decoration: none;\" href=\"https:\/\/chinametalfoundry.com\/de\/marine-casting\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">marine casting<\/a> and pump hardware, where corrosion and galling are the real failure modes.<\/p>\n<h2 style=\"font-family: 'Poppins',sans-serif; color: #273171; font-size: 25px; font-weight: 600; line-height: 1.3; margin: 34px 0 14px; padding: 4px 0 4px 30px; background: linear-gradient(to right, #ff512f 0px, #dd2476 5px, transparent 5px);\">FAQ<\/h2>\n<h3 style=\"font-family: 'Poppins',sans-serif; color: #273171; font-size: 20px; font-weight: 600; line-height: 1.4; margin: 22px 0 8px;\">Is bronze casting more expensive than brass casting?<\/h3>\n<p style=\"margin: 0 0 18px;\">Per kilogram, usually yes \u2014 tin carries a higher premium than zinc. But bronze buys corrosion resistance and bearing behaviour that brass cannot match, and on seawater duty the cheaper part is the one you replace twice.<\/p>\n<h3 style=\"font-family: 'Poppins',sans-serif; color: #273171; font-size: 20px; font-weight: 600; line-height: 1.4; margin: 22px 0 8px;\">What is the difference between bronze and brass in a casting?<\/h3>\n<p style=\"margin: 0 0 18px;\">Bronze is copper-tin or copper-aluminium; brass is copper-zinc. In practice the strongest grade on many spec sheets, C86300 manganese bronze, is a brass despite the name \u2014 which is why UNS numbers beat trade names on a drawing.<\/p>\n<h3 style=\"font-family: 'Poppins',sans-serif; color: #273171; font-size: 20px; font-weight: 600; line-height: 1.4; margin: 22px 0 8px;\">What minimum wall thickness works for bronze casting?<\/h3>\n<p style=\"margin: 0 0 18px;\">Sand cast bronze is comfortable at 4\u20135 mm on small parts and 6\u20138 mm on larger ones. Silicon bronze fills thinner sections than aluminium bronze; centrifugal and investment casting push thinner again.<\/p>\n<h3 style=\"font-family: 'Poppins',sans-serif; color: #273171; font-size: 20px; font-weight: 600; line-height: 1.4; margin: 22px 0 8px;\">Can bronze castings be welded or repaired?<\/h3>\n<p style=\"margin: 0 0 18px;\">Leaded tin bronze should not be welded \u2014 the lead makes it crack and it releases fumes. Aluminium bronze can be welded with a matching filler and preheat, but repair needs a qualified procedure and the customer&#8217;s agreement.<\/p>\n<h3 style=\"font-family: 'Poppins',sans-serif; color: #273171; font-size: 20px; font-weight: 600; line-height: 1.4; margin: 22px 0 8px;\">Which bronze is best for seawater?<\/h3>\n<p style=\"margin: 0 0 18px;\">C95400 aluminium bronze and C95500 nickel aluminium bronze. Both form a protective alumina film that resists erosion-corrosion and biofouling far better than tin bronze.<\/p>\n<h3 style=\"font-family: 'Poppins',sans-serif; color: #273171; font-size: 20px; font-weight: 600; line-height: 1.4; margin: 22px 0 8px;\">How long does bronze casting tooling last?<\/h3>\n<p style=\"margin: 0 0 18px;\">A well-made metal pattern for sand casting runs tens of thousands of moulds. The limiting factor is usually the foundry&#8217;s storage and maintenance discipline rather than the pattern material itself.<\/p>\n\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"section\" data-elementor-id=\"3550\" class=\"elementor elementor-3550\" data-elementor-post-type=\"elementor_library\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-19b1acf1 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"19b1acf1\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;,&quot;ekit_has_onepagescroll_dot&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-background-overlay\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-56e26ed6\" data-id=\"56e26ed6\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-52c3d00c elementor-widget elementor-widget-elementskit-heading\" data-id=\"52c3d00c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;ekit_we_effect_on&quot;:&quot;none&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"elementskit-heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"ekit-wid-con\" ><div class=\"ekit-heading elementskit-section-title-wraper text_left   ekit_heading_tablet-   ekit_heading_mobile-\"><h3 class=\"ekit-heading--title elementskit-section-title\">Suchen Sie eine zuverl\u00e4ssige Metallgie\u00dferei in China?<\/h3><\/div><\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-24c75aa0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"24c75aa0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;ekit_we_effect_on&quot;:&quot;none&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ul><li>Wir k\u00f6nnen Ihnen dabei helfen, das Produktdesign zu optimieren und Kosten zu sparen.<\/li><li>We can help you with high quality high volume cast parts.<\/li><li>Wir k\u00f6nnen p\u00fcnktlich liefern und uns mehr Absatzmarktchancen erschlie\u00dfen.<\/li><li>Sie werden vom Metallguss-Service von Supro MFG profitieren.<\/li><\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-51a20937 elementor-align-left elementor-widget elementor-widget-global elementor-global-1143 elementor-widget-button\" data-id=\"51a20937\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;ekit_we_effect_on&quot;:&quot;none&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"button.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-button-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-button elementor-button-link elementor-size-sm elementor-animation-grow\" href=\"https:\/\/chinametalfoundry.com\/de\/kontakt\/\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-content-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-text\">Fordern Sie ein werkssorientes Angebot an <\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\n<p class=\"sc-note\" style=\"font-size: 13px; color: #9a9a9a; margin: 28px 0 0;\">*Data referenced from ASTM B584 \/ B148 \/ B271 \/ B505, Copper Development Association publications, AFS foundry practice and Supro MFG shop-floor records. Cost figures are indicative workshop rates, not a quotation.<\/p>\n<\/article>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Most buying teams meet bronze casting the same way: a stainless shaft keeps galling, a cast iron bushing keeps scoring, [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":5,"featured_media":7887,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","ast-disable-related-posts":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"default","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"default","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"set","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"footnotes":""},"categories":[52],"tags":[48,46,47,42],"class_list":["post-7886","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-materials-alloys","tag-casting-comparison","tag-casting-materials","tag-casting-process","tag-metal-casting"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/chinametalfoundry.com\/de\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7886","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/chinametalfoundry.com\/de\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/chinametalfoundry.com\/de\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/chinametalfoundry.com\/de\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/5"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/chinametalfoundry.com\/de\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=7886"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/chinametalfoundry.com\/de\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7886\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":7925,"href":"https:\/\/chinametalfoundry.com\/de\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7886\/revisions\/7925"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/chinametalfoundry.com\/de\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/7887"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/chinametalfoundry.com\/de\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=7886"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/chinametalfoundry.com\/de\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=7886"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/chinametalfoundry.com\/de\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=7886"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}